Effects of syn-pandemic fire reduction and reforestation in the tropical Americas on atmospheric CO2 during European conquest
Effects of syn-pandemic fire reduction and reforestation in the tropical Americas on atmospheric CO2 during European conquest
复制标题
欧洲征服期间热带美洲同步大流行火灾减少和重新造林对大气二氧化碳的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.008
复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Bird
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. J. Nevle;D. Bird
热带美洲晚全新世生物质燃烧的新重建与中美洲和亚马孙农学家扩大火的使用以及随后从∼500年开始的减火期是一致的。在∼500年BP之后，生物质燃烧的显著减少，这是热带美洲相对于全球其他地区火灾历史的一个独特特征，与欧洲征服期间大流行期间美洲土著人口的崩溃同步。我们预测，与热带美洲大流行同时发生的火灾减少与∼5×105km2土地上的大规模森林再生和5-10GTC进入陆地生物圈有关，这导致公元1500年至1750年全球大气CO2水平下降∼2%，大气CO2 13C上升0.1GT。人类时代始于几千年前。气候变化61,261-293，鲁迪曼，W.F.，2005。瘟疫、瘟疫和石油。普林斯顿大学出版社，新泽西州普林斯顿]通过对流行病期间废弃的农田重新造林来实现生物圈的碳固存，在过去的千年里促成了大气二氧化碳浓度的变化。
A new reconstruction of Late Holocene biomass burning in the tropical Americas is consistent with the expansion of fire use by Mesoamerican and Amazonian agriculturalists and a subsequent period of fire reduction beginning ∼500 years BP. The marked reduction of biomass burning after ∼500 years BP, a unique feature of the fire history of the tropical Americas relative to other regions of the globe, is synchronous with the collapse of the American indigenous population during pandemics accompanying European conquest. We predict that fire reduction contemporaneous with pandemics in the tropical Americas was associated with massive forest regeneration on ∼5×105km2of land and sequestration of 5–10 Gt C into the terrestrial biosphere, which contributed to the ∼2% global reduction in atmospheric CO2levels and the 0.1‰ increase in δ13C of atmospheric CO2from 1500 to 1750 A.D. This study 1) builds upon prior fire history reconstructions by synthesizing a substantially greater number of stratigraphic charcoal accumulation records and soil charcoal14C dates to resolve features of the Late Holocene biomass burning record in the tropical Americas; and 2) corroborates the hypothesis advanced by Ruddiman [Ruddiman, W.F., 2003. The Anthropogenic Era began thousands of years ago. Climatic Change 61, 261–293, Ruddiman, W.F., 2005. Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey] that biospheric carbon sequestration via reforestation of cropland abandoned during pandemics contributed to changes in atmospheric CO2concentration during the past millennium.