Aggressive colonial ascidian impacting deep coral reefs at Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles
Aggressive colonial ascidian impacting deep coral reefs at Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles
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侵略性的殖民海鞘正在影响荷属安的列斯群岛博内尔岛的深层珊瑚礁
DOI：
10.1007/s00338-009-0579-4
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Scheffers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sommer;Harrison;Scheffers
2009年1月，在荷属安的列斯群岛博内尔岛进行海底调查期间，观察到大量海鞘Trididemnum solarium。T的平均覆盖率。在博内尔岛西北部沿海沿着的6个地点，在3个深度（5、10和20米）的4个重复样带中，共记录了72个30米长、1.3米宽的随机样带中的日光温室。选择这些地点是因为它们远离人类发展。使用CPCe分析照片。T.在Salina Tern位置的20 m位置，solvent占据了10.4%±3.8（平均值±SE）的可用基质（sensu巴克等人，1996）。平均温度可用基质的土壤覆盖率（所有站点合并）随深度增加而显著增加（P≤ 0.05），5 m时为0.2%±0.1，10 m时为3.2%±0.6，20 m时为6.3%±0.8。而T.在不同的基质上出现了软珊瑚群落，包括Montastraea spp.在内的石珊瑚的侵略性过度生长。(Fig.图1 a）和Agaricia agaricites（图1 B）以及水螅珊瑚Millepora spp. (Fig. 1 c）是经常发生的。（1996）记录了T. 1978年至1993年在邻近的库拉索岛建立了殖民地。幼虫的每日可利用性（货车Duyl et al. 1981）、快速生长速率和高移动性（巴克et al. 1981）使得T.在受到干扰而改变的环境中，珊瑚礁可能是珊瑚的上级竞争者（巴克等人，1996年）。高丰度的侵略性T。在这项研究中，在较深的珊瑚礁中记录到的一种海鞘是令人关切的，并突出了对博内尔岛珊瑚礁的另一种威胁，特别是因为较深的珊瑚礁被认为是相对未受干扰的（巴克等人，2005年）。
Large colonies of the ascidian Trididemnum solidum were observed during benthic surveys at Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, in January 2009. Mean cover of T. solidum was recorded in a total of 72, randomly located, 30 m long by 1.3-m-wide photo transects, in four replicate transects at three depths (5, 10, and 20 m) in each of six locations along the northwest coast of Bonaire. Locations were chosen due to their remoteness from human development. Photographs were analyzed using CPCe. T. solidum occupied 10.4%±3.8 (mean±SE) of available substrata (sensu Bak et al. 1996) at the 20-m site at the Salina Tern location. Mean T. solidum cover of available substrata (all sites pooled) significantly increased with depth (P≤ 0.05) with 0.2%±0.1 at 5 m, 3.2%±0.6 at 10 m, and 6.3%±0.8 at 20 m. While T. solidum colonies occurred on various substrata, aggressive overgrowth of scleractinian corals including Montastraea spp.(Fig. 1 a) and Agaricia agaricites (Fig. 1 b) and the hydrocoral Millepora spp.(Fig. 1 c) were frequently observed.Bak et al.(1996) recorded a 900% increase in the number of T. solidum colonies on neighboring Curaçao between 1978 and 1993. Daily availability of larvae (van Duyl et al. 1981), fast growth rates, and high mobility (Bak et al. 1981) make T. solidum a potentially superior competitor over corals in environments altered by disturbance (Bak et al. 1996). High abundance of the aggressive T. solidum ascidian recorded at deeper reefs in this study is of concern and highlights another threat to Bonaire’s coral reefs, especially as deeper reefs are considered to be relatively undisturbed (Bak et al. 2005).
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bak, RP;Nieuwland, G;Meesters, EH
通讯作者：
Meesters, EH