COUNTERGRADIENT SELECTION IN THE GREEN FROG, RANA-CLAMITANS
COUNTERGRADIENT SELECTION IN THE GREEN FROG, RANA-CLAMITANS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04714.x
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
SMITHGILL, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BERVEN, KA;GILL, DE;SMITHGILL, SJ
山区的绿色青蛙种群在各个发育阶段都要大一些，蝌蚪完成变态所需的时间比低地种群要长一到两年。补充现场和实验室研究表明，在形态和发展的倾斜变化主要是由环境引起的。在最适温度、分化速率、生长速率和阶段特异性生长的温度敏感性方面存在显著的遗传差异。遗传差异与观察到的倾斜变异相反，例如，在模拟山顶条件的低温实验中，山地蝌蚪实际上比低地蝌蚪发育得更快，完成变态的时间更早，体型也更小。一个更大的范围内的发展变化比观察到的是潜在的诱导温度的海拔梯度。自然选择已经采取行动，以尽量减少诱导的变化，并有利于最短的幼虫期给定的环境温度的限制。只有在这个意义上，山地和低地的绿色蛙才表现出对各自环境的局部适应。提出了一个新的基因型和诱导的表型成分之间的相互作用模型的倾斜变化。
Montane populations of green frogs are larger at all stages of development, and tadpoles take a year or 2 longer to complete metamorphosis than do lowland populations. Complementary field and laboratory studies demonstrated that the clinal variation in morphology and development is primarily induced by the environment. Significant genetic differences in temperature optima, and temperature sensitivity of differentiation rates, growth rates and stage-specific growth were demonstrated. The genetic differences were counter to the observed clinal variation, e.g., in cold tempeature experiments designed to simulate mountain-top conditions, montane tadpoles actually developed faster and completed metamorphosis earlier and at a smaller size than did lowland tadpoles. A greater range of developmental variation than that observed is potentially inducible by the altitudinal gradient of temperatures. Natural selection has acted to minimize the inducible variation and has favored the shortest possible larval periods given the ambient temperature constraints. Only in this sense do montane and lowland green frogs show local adaptations to their respective environments. A new model of the interactions between the genotypic and induced phenotypic components of clinal variation is presented.