Demographically Corrected Normative Standards for the Spanish Language Version of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery
Demographically Corrected Normative Standards for the Spanish Language Version of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery
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DOI：
10.1017/s135561771500137x
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Heaton, Robert K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Casaletto, Kaitlin B.;Umlauf, Anya;Heaton, Robert K.
目的：西班牙裔是美国增长最快的种族，但在西班牙语中，经过充分验证的神经心理学工具有限，代表这一人群的规范标准更加缺乏。西班牙国立卫生研究院认知成套测验（NIHTB-CB）是一种新的神经认知筛选工具;然而，最初的规范是结合西班牙语和英语版本的成套测验开发的。我们制定了规范性标准，西班牙NIHTB-CB，充分调整人口变量和完全基于讲西班牙语的样本。研究方法：共有408名讲西班牙语的神经健康成年人（年龄18-85岁）和496名儿童（年龄3-7岁）完成了NIH神经系统规范项目。我们开发了三种类型的分数：未校正的基础上，整个讲西班牙语的队列，年龄校正，并完全人口统计学校正（年龄，教育，性别）的分数为每七个NIHTB-CB测试和三个复合材料（流体，结晶，总复合材料）。使用多项式回归模型开发校正分数。人口统计学因素对未校正NIHTB-CB评分的影响为中等至较大，其模式与英语NIHTB-CB评分不同。例如，在讲西班牙语的成年人中，教育与流体分数的相关性更强，但在讲英语的成年人中，教育与结晶分数的相关性最强。结果：人口统计学因素不再与完全校正分数相关。最初的规范没有成功地消除人口统计学的影响，高估儿童的表现，低估成人的表现在西班牙NIHTB-CB。结论：西班牙语与英语NIHTB-CB的人口统计学关联的不同模式支持为每个人群单独制定不同规范标准的必要性。完全调整后的评分将有助于更准确地描述美国西班牙语使用者的后天性脑功能障碍。
Objectives: Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnicity in the United States, yet there are limited well-validated neuropsychological tools in Spanish, and an even greater paucity of normative standards representing this population. The Spanish NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) is a novel neurocognitive screener; however, the original norms were developed combining Spanish-and English-versions of the battery. We developed normative standards for the Spanish NIHTB-CB, fully adjusting for demographic variables and based entirely on a Spanish-speaking sample. Methods: A total of 408 Spanish-speaking neurologically healthy adults (ages 18-85 years) and 496 children (ages 3-7 years) completed the NIH Toolbox norming project. We developed three types of scores: uncorrected based on the entire Spanish-speaking cohort, age-corrected, and fully demographically corrected (age, education, sex) scores for each of the seven NIHTB-CB tests and three composites (Fluid, Crystallized, Total Composites). Corrected scores were developed using polynomial regression models. Demographic factors demonstrated medium-to-large effects on uncorrected NIHTB-CB scores in a pattern that differed from that observed on the English NIHTB-CB. For example, in Spanish-speaking adults, education was more strongly associated with Fluid scores, but showed the strongest association with Crystallized scores among English-speaking adults. Results: Demographic factors were no longer associated with fully corrected scores. The original norms were not successful in eliminating demographic effects, overestimating children's performances, and underestimating adults' performances on the Spanish NIHTB-CB. Conclusions: The disparate pattern of demographic associations on the Spanish versus English NIHTB-CB supports the need for distinct normative standards developed separately for each population. Fully adjusted scores presented here will aid in more accurately characterizing acquired brain dysfunction among U.S. Spanish-speakers.