Mitochondria: a historical review.
Mitochondria: a historical review.
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.91.3.227s
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发表时间：
1981-12
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Schatz, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ernster, L;Schatz, G
线粒体在世纪以来就已为人所知，在过去的三十年中，它已成为实验生物学的几个学科中的重要研究课题。对于细胞学家来说，它们代表了应用电子显微镜探索细胞超微结构和制定组织分离技术以分离细胞质细胞器的理想测试对象。对于生物化学家来说，线粒体作为细胞呼吸和呼吸相关磷酸化的位点的鉴定意味着在分子水平上解决和重建这些过程以及阐明它们与细胞膜的关系的决定性步骤。对于生理学家来说，线粒体提供了第一个实验方法来研究结构-功能关系的机会，特别是那些参与主动运输，矢量代谢和亚细胞水平上的代谢控制机制的实验方法。而对于分子生物学家来说，线粒体DNA和蛋白质合成的发现以及线粒体生物发生的研究为真核生物基因表达开辟了新的篇章。本文的目的是通过选择线粒体研究的悠久而多事的历史中的一些亮点来简要介绍这些发展。详细的历史记录见于许多专著（1-7）和综述文章（8-12），涵盖了该领域的各个方面。
Known for over a century, mitochondria have become during the last three decades an important subject of research within several disciplines of experimental biology. For the cytologist, they represented the ideal test objects for applying electron microscopy to the exploration of cellular ultrastructure and for the elaboration of tissue-fractionation techniques with the aim of isolating cytoplasmic organelles. For the biochemist, the identification of mitochondria as the site of cell respiration and respiration-linked phosphorylation implied a decisive step towards the resolution and reconstitution of these processes at a molecular level and the elucidation of their relationship to cellular membranes. For the physiologist, mitochondria afforded the first opportunity for an experimental approach to structure-function relationships, in particular those involved in active transport, vectorial metabolism, and metabolic control mechanisms on a subcellular level. And for the molecular biologist, the discovery of mitochondrial DNA and protein synthesis and the study of mitochondrial biogenesis opened up a new chapter of eukaryotic gene expression. The purpose ofthis review is to give a brief account of these developments by selecting some of the highlights of the long and eventful history of mitochondrial research. Detailed historical accounts are found in numerous monographs (1-7) and review articles (8-12) covering various aspects of the field.