Epidemiological studies of Fukushima residents exposed to ionising radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant prefecture-a preliminary review of current plans
Epidemiological studies of Fukushima residents exposed to ionising radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant prefecture-a preliminary review of current plans
复制标题
DOI：
10.1088/0952-4746/32/1/1
复制
发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Akiba, Suminori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akiba, Suminori
自 2011 年 3 月 11 日日本福岛第一核电站事故发生以来，现已过去 6 个多月。日本政府和地方卫生当局已开始收集必要的信息，以估计核电站周围地区居民所受到的辐射剂量，起草居民医疗保健计划，并开始实施其中的一些计划。本文主要从流行病学方法评估健康风险的角度对癌症和非癌症疾病风险评估所需的研究（包括已经计划的研究）进行回顾和讨论。从长远来看，建立一个具有对照组的队列非常重要。即使累积剂量估计很低，很难评估癌症和非癌症疾病的风险，但有必要进行这样的研究，让居民放心。福岛县政府的医疗保健计划，包括居民健康检查，将有助于评估辐射暴露的间接影响，包括心理问题。任何辐射流行病学研究的成功都取决于收集研究对象所接受的辐射剂量的准确信息。然而，一些剂量测定调查没有及时进行。 （但应该认识到，考虑到核事故后的混乱状况，这样的问题可能是不可避免的。）准确估算每个居民所接受的辐射剂量不仅对于科学的风险评估很重要，而且可以让每个居民了解自己的潜在风险。否则，居民将因辐射暴露及其健康后果的不确定性而承受过度的心理负担。福岛县的另一项重要任务是提高该县区域癌症登记的质量。同样重要的是在一两年内开始甲状腺癌筛查，因为儿童早期接触甲状腺癌的预计最短潜伏期约为 4 年。最近，当地卫生部门决定针对 18 岁或以下的人群启动甲状腺筛查计划。福岛的任何科学研究都需要获得研究对象对研究客观性的信任，但福岛县的居民已经开始怀疑日本政府和地方当局向他们隐瞒了重要信息，这可能会受到影响。看来，在规划医疗保健项目时，有必要更多地反映居民的意见，并获得公众对项目的理解。综上所述，存在诸多问题使得福岛癌症和非癌症疾病风险评估变得困难。国际同事的帮助对于克服这些问题将是非常宝贵的。本文对这些努力进行了简要总结并提出了一些评论。
It is now more than six months since the beginning of the accident on 11 March 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. The Japanese government and local health authorities have started to collect the information necessary to estimate radiation doses received by those living in the area around the plant, drafted plans for the health care of residents, and started to implement some of them. This paper reviews and discusses the studies necessary for risk evaluation of cancer and non-cancer diseases, including those already planned, mainly from the view point of evaluating health risk using epidemiological approaches. In the long run, it is important to establish a cohort with a control group. Even if the cumulative doses are estimated to be so low that it is difficult to evaluate the risk of cancer and non-cancer diseases, it is necessary to conduct such a study to reassure residents. The health care programme of the Fukushima Prefecture government, including health check-ups of residents, will help to assess indirect effects of radiation exposure, including psychological problems.The success of any studies of radiation epidemiology depends on the collection of accurate information on radiation doses received by the study subjects. However, some of the dosimetry surveys were not conducted in a timelymanner. (It should be recognised, though, that such a problemmight have been inevitable, considering the chaotic condition after the nuclear accident.) Accurate estimation of the radiation dose received by each resident is not only important for scientific risk evaluation but also to inform each resident about his or her potential risk. Otherwise, residents will bear an undue psychological burden from uncertainties regarding their radiation exposure and its health consequences. One of other important tasks in Fukushima is the improvement of the quality of the regional cancer registry in this prefecture. It is also important to start thyroid cancer screening in a year or two since the expected minimum latent period among those exposed in early childhood is about 4 years. Recently, local health authorities decided to start a thyroid screening programme for those aged 18 years or younger.Any scientific efforts in Fukushima, which need to gain the trust of study subjects about the objectivity of research, may suffer from the fact that residents in Fukushima Prefecture have begun to suspect that the Japanese government and local authorities are keeping important information from them. It seems necessary to make more effort to reflect the opinions of residents when planning health care programmes and to gain the understanding of the public for the programme. In summary, there are many problems that make the evaluation of cancer and non-cancer disease risk in Fukushima difficult. The help of international colleagues will be invaluable for overcoming those problems. In this paper, these efforts are briefly summarised and some comments are made.