Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in Scotland: A register-based individual-level longitudinal study.
Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in Scotland: A register-based individual-level longitudinal study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2023.117223
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发表时间：
2023-10
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
M. Abed Al Ahad;Urška Demšar;Frank Sullivan;Hill Kulu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Abed Al Ahad;Urška Demšar;Frank Sullivan;Hill Kulu
背景空气污染与几种不利的健康结果有关。然而，长期暴露的队列研究之间的效应估计值的大小存在异质性，并且对SO2和精神/行为健康结果等污染物的研究很少。本研究探讨了长期暴露于多种环境空气污染物与身体和精神疾病的全因和特定原因死亡率之间的关联。MethodsWe使用了来自苏格兰纵向研究（SLS）的202，237名17岁及以上的个人的个人水平管理数据，随后在2002年至2017年期间进行。SLS数据集与NO2，SO2和颗粒物（PM10，PM2.5）污染的年度浓度在1平方公里的空间分辨率使用个人的住宅邮政编码。我们采用生存分析，以评估空气污染和所有原因，心血管，呼吸系统，癌症，精神/行为障碍/自杀，和其他原因mortality.ResultsHigher全因死亡率与PM2.5，PM10，NO2和SO2污染物浓度增加之间的关联。NO2、PM10和PM2.5也与心血管、呼吸道、癌症和其他原因的死亡率相关。例如，PM2.5、PM10和NO2污染物每增加1 μg/m3，呼吸系统疾病的死亡风险分别为1.062（95%CI = 1.028-1.096）、1.025（95%CI = 1.005-1.045）和1.013（95%CI = 1.007-1.020）。与此相反，精神和行为障碍的死亡率与1 μg/m3的SO2污染物暴露相关（HR = 1.042; 95%CI = 1.015-1.069）。研究结果表明，改善空气质量的政策和干预措施将减少长期的心肺、癌症和精神/行为障碍的死亡风险。
BackgroundAir pollution is associated with several adverse health outcomes. However, heterogeneity in the size of effect estimates between cohort studies for long-term exposures exist and pollutants like SO2and mental/behavioural health outcomes are little studied. This study examines the association between long-term exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants and all-cause and cause-specific mortality from both physical and mental illnesses.MethodsWe used individual-level administrative data from theScottish-Longitudinal-Study (SLS)on 202,237 individuals aged 17 and older, followed between 2002 and 2017. The SLS dataset was linked to annual concentrations of NO2, SO2, and particulate-matter (PM10, PM2.5) pollution at 1 km2spatial resolution using the individuals’ residential postcode. We applied survival analysis to assess the association between air pollution and all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, mental/behavioural disorders/suicides, and other-causes mortality.ResultsHigher all-cause mortality was associated with increasing concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2pollutants. NO2,PM10, and PM2.5 were also associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer and other-causes mortality. For example, the mortality hazard from respiratory diseases was 1.062 (95%CI = 1.028–1.096), 1.025 (95%CI = 1.005–1.045), and 1.013 (95%CI = 1.007–1.020) per 1 μg/m3increase in PM2.5, PM10 and NO2pollutants, respectively. In contrast, mortality from mental and behavioural disorders was associated with 1 μg/m3higher exposure to SO2pollutant (HR = 1.042; 95%CI = 1.015–1.069).ConclusionThis study revealed an association between long-term (16-years) exposure to ambient air pollution and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The results suggest that policies and interventions to enhance air quality would reduce the mortality hazard from cardio-respiratory, cancer, and mental/behavioural disorders in the long-term.