Diversity of archaeal and bacterial communities on exfoliated sandstone from Portchester Castle (UK)
Diversity of archaeal and bacterial communities on exfoliated sandstone from Portchester Castle (UK)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.12.021
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Elisabetta Zanardini;Eric May;R. Inkpen;F. Cappitelli;J. Colin Murrell;Kevin J. Purdy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elisabetta Zanardini;Eric May;R. Inkpen;F. Cappitelli;J. Colin Murrell;Kevin J. Purdy
在这项研究中，剥落的砂岩样品从波切斯特城堡进行了调查，使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线（EDX）分析，观察石头表面殖民，地貌结构和评估损害。使用培养依赖和培养独立的方法进行微生物和细菌多样性评估。扫描电镜分析表明，砂岩有高水平的石头腐烂。有相当大的风化的矿物与生物膜含有各种细胞形态的微生物。微生物在孔隙、洞穴和矿物严重腐烂的部分特别普遍，并看到一些蚀刻。EDX分析表明，微生物与含铝层状硅酸盐矿物的片状结构有关，最有可能是钙铝石。微生物的殖民地优先集中在特定的片的矿物结构。分离研究揭示了芽孢杆菌和节肢动物的存在，似乎是很好地适应“极端”环境，特别是这些菌株耐高盐，高紫外线和贫营养条件。利用变性梯度凝胶电泳指纹的细菌和古细菌16 S rRNA基因片段的培养独立的研究显示了一个更复杂的社会。盐杆菌科的绿球藻属、放线菌属、异常球菌属、α-和β-变形菌属、蓝细菌属和拟杆菌属以及嗜盐菌属分别为优势菌属和优势菌属。
In this study exfoliated sandstone samples from Portchester Castle were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) analyses to observe stone surface colonisation, geomorphological structure and to assess damage. Archaeal and bacterial diversity were assessed using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. SEM analysis showed that sandstone had high levels of stone decay. There was considerable weathering of the minerals associated with biofilms containing microbes with various cellular morphologies. Microorganisms were especially prevalent in pores, cavities and in the heavily decayed parts of the minerals, and some etching was seen. EDX analyses indicated microbes were associated with the sheet structures of aluminium-containing phyllosilicate minerals, most likely glauconite. Microbial colonisation was preferentially concentrated within specific sheets of the mineral structure. Isolation studies revealed the presence ofBacillusandArthrobacterthat appeared to be well adapted to “extreme” environments, specifically these isolates were tolerant to high salt, high UV and oligotrophic conditions. Cultivation-independent studies using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene fragments showed a more complex community. Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria,Deinococcus, α- and β-proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes and halophilicArchaeafrom the family Halobacteriaceae, were the predominant types ofBacteriaandArchaeadetected respectively.