A Mesocosm Double Feature: Insights into the Chemical Makeup of Marine Ice Nucleating Particles
A Mesocosm Double Feature: Insights into the Chemical Makeup of Marine Ice Nucleating Particles
复制标题
中宇宙双重特征：深入了解海洋冰成核颗粒的化学组成
DOI：
10.1175/jas-d-17-0155.1
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
P. DeMott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. McCluskey;T. Hill;C. Sultana;O. Laskina;J. Trueblood;Mitchell V. Santander;C. Beall;Jennifer M. Michaud;S. Kreidenweis;K. Prather;V. Grassian;P. DeMott
大气冰成核粒子（INPs）的丰度是混合相云中冰相转变数值表示的不确定性来源。虽然海洋喷雾气溶胶（SSA）比陆地气溶胶表现出更弱的冰成核能力，但海洋INP排放与海洋生物活动有关，可能是遥远海洋上INP的重要来源。对海洋INP特性的不充分了解限制了参数化这一复杂INP源的能力。以前的一份手稿描述了海洋INPs的丰度与两次实验室中尺度实验中若干气溶胶组成和海洋生物学观测的关系。本研究对同一中观实验中发现的INPs在SSA、海水和表层微层样品中的丰度和化学物理性质进行了直接探测。发现了两个独特的海洋INP群体：1)溶解有机碳INPs可能由in活性分子组成；2)颗粒有机碳INPs可能是完整的细胞或in活性的微生物片段。两种海洋INP类型都可能在浮游植物生物量衰变后排放到SSA中：1)表层微层明显富含渗出物和细胞碎屑，SSA颗粒优先被in活性分子包裹；2)海水中硅藻碎片和细菌相对丰富，因此更有可能转移到SSA中。这些发现为未来将海洋INP排放纳入数值模型提供了信息，并激励了未来的研究，以量化特定的海洋分子，并分离浮游植物、细菌和其他导致这些海洋INP类型的物种。
The abundance of atmospheric ice nucleating particles (INPs) is a source of uncertainty for numerical representation of ice-phase transitions in mixed-phase clouds. While sea spray aerosol (SSA) exhibits less ice nucleating (IN) ability than terrestrial aerosol, marine INP emissions are linked to oceanic biological activity and are potentially an important source of INPs over remote oceans. Inadequate knowledge of marine INP identity limits the ability to parameterize this complex INP source. A previous manuscript described abundances of marine INPs in relation to several aerosol composition and ocean biology observations during two laboratory mesocosm experiments. In this study, the abundances and chemical and physical properties of INPs found during the same mesocosm experiments were directly probed in SSA, seawater, and surface microlayer samples. Two unique marine INP populations were found: 1) dissolved organic carbon INPs are suggested to be composed of IN-active molecules, and 2) particulate organic carbon INPs are attributed as intact cells or IN-active microbe fragments. Both marine INP types are likely to be emitted into SSA following decay of phytoplankton biomass when 1) the surface microlayer is significantly enriched with exudates and cellular detritus and SSA particles are preferentially coated with IN-active molecules or 2) diatom fragments and bacteria are relatively abundant in seawater and therefore more likely transferred into SSA. These findings inform future efforts for incorporating marine INP emissions into numerical models and motivate future studies to quantify specific marine molecules and isolate phytoplankton, bacteria, and other species that contribute to these marine INP types.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Hiranuma, N.;Augustin-Bauditz, S.;Yamashita, K.
通讯作者：
Yamashita, K.