Real-Time Measurements of Gas-Phase Trichloramine (NCl 3 ) in an Indoor Aquatic Center
Real-Time Measurements of Gas-Phase Trichloramine (NCl 3 ) in an Indoor Aquatic Center
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室内水上运动中心气相三氯胺 (NCl 3 ) 的实时测量
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.0c07413
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Blatchley, Ernest R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu, Tianren;Földes, Tomas;Lee, Lester T.;Wagner, Danielle N.;Jiang, Jinglin;Tasoglou, Antonios;Boor, Brandon E.;Blatchley, Ernest R.
NCl3 是氯化游泳池中的消毒副产品，可以在液相和气相之间分配。接触气态 NCl3 与哮喘有关，并会刺激眼睛和呼吸道，从而影响游泳运动员的健康和运动表现。本研究涉及对大学游泳比赛期间水上运动中心气相 NCl3 的时空动态的调查。通过新型在线衍生化腔衰荡光谱仪和质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪对气相 NCl3 进行实时（高达 1 Hz）测量。在不同的时间尺度（从几秒到几小时）内观察到气相 NCl3 和 CO2 浓度的显着时间变化。由于游泳增强了 NCl3 的液气转移，气相 NCl3 浓度随着活跃游泳者的数量而增加，峰值浓度在 116 至 226 ppb 之间。气相 NCl3 的浓度与 CO2 和水的浓度（相对湿度）之间存在很强的相关性，这归因于它们在池空气中物理传输过程的相似特征。在水面上方定期观察到气相 NCl3 浓度的垂直梯度，这表明游泳者可能接触到的 NCl3 浓度高于在大量空气中测量到的浓度。
NCl3is formed as a disinfection byproduct in chlorinated swimming pools and can partition between the liquid and gas phases. Exposure to gas-phase NCl3has been linked to asthma and can irritate the eyes and respiratory airways, thereby affecting the health and athletic performance of swimmers. This study involved an investigation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of gas-phase NCl3in an aquatic center during a collegiate swim meet. Real-time (up to 1 Hz) measurements of gas-phase NCl3were made via a novel on-line derivatization cavity ring-down spectrometer and a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Significant temporal variations in gas-phase NCl3and CO2concentrations were observed across varying time scales, from seconds to hours. Gas-phase NCl3concentrations increased with the number of active swimmers due to swimming-enhanced liquid-to-gas transfer of NCl3, with peak concentrations between 116 and 226 ppb. Strong correlations between concentrations of gas-phase NCl3with concentrations of CO2and water (relative humidity) were found and attributed to similar features in their physical transport processes in pool air. A vertical gradient in gas-phase NCl3concentrations was periodically observed above the water surface, demonstrating that swimmers can be exposed to elevated levels of NCl3beyond those measured in the bulk air.