Bargaining and fairness
Bargaining and fairness
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1400819111
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发表时间：
2014-07-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Binmore, Kenneth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Binmore, Kenneth
人类道德可能是进化的产物的观点并不流行。部分原因是，实际上支配我们日常行为的道德原则已经被理想化了，使得自然起源似乎是不可能的。这篇文章提出了一个更实际的评估人类道德的理由，认为我们的公平感的演变可以追溯到食物分享的实际情况。当动物分享食物时，它们可以被看作是在享受一种隐含的讨价还价的果实，以确保彼此免受饥饿。使用博弈论工具探讨了这一观察结果的含义。这些争论导致了一种公平交易的结构，这种结构与上个世纪的主要道德哲学家约翰·罗尔斯（John Rawls）提出的结构非常相似。
The idea that human morality might be the product of evolution is not popular. The reason is partly that the moral principles that actually govern our day-to-day behavior have been idealized in a way that makes a natural origin seem impossible. This paper puts the case for a more down-to-earth assessment of human morality by arguing that the evolution of our sense of fairness can be traced to the practicalities of food-sharing. When animals share food, they can be seen as enjoying the fruits of an implicit bargain to ensure each other against hunger. The implications of this observation are explored using the tools of game theory. The arguments lead to a structure for fair bargains that closely resembles the structure proposed by John Rawls, the leading moral philosopher of the last century.