Stress in African American Pregnancies: Testing the roles of various stress concepts in prediction of birth outcomes
Stress in African American Pregnancies: Testing the roles of various stress concepts in prediction of birth outcomes
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DOI：
10.1207/s15324796abm2901_3
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hobel, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dominguez, TP;Schetter, CD;Hobel, C
背景：非裔美国妇女不良分娩结局的发生率持续较高，是一个主要的公共卫生问题。目的：本研究的目的是探讨非裔美国女性的心理社会压力、社会经济地位和出生结果之间的关系。方法：采用前瞻性调查研究设计来测量压力暴露、对压力源的主观反应，包括生活事件的侵入性影响，以及 78 名非洲裔美国孕妇样本中的医学和社会人口统计学变量。出生结果是从医学图表中获得的。结果：生活事件暴露程度较高，但感知压力和负面情绪反应水平较低至中等。低收入非裔美国女性比高收入非裔美国女性更不希望怀孕。教育程度与任何压力变量均无关，收入和教育程度与出生结果均不显着相关。在控制潜在的混杂因素后，生活压力事件的数量显着预测胎龄会出现 3% 的额外差异。心理社会压力变量总共占胎龄调整出生体重 7% 的额外方差，事件困扰和有关严重生活事件的侵入性想法成为重要的独立压力预测因素。结论：这些结果有助于我们了解非裔美国人出生结果所涉及的复杂病因过程，并为进一步研究其生殖健康状况奠定了基础。
Background: The persistently higher rates of adverse birth outcomes among African American women are a major public health concern. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relations among psychosocial stress, socioeconomic status, and birth outcomes in African American women. Methods: A prospective survey research design was used to measure stress exposure, subjective responses to stressors, including intrusive effects of life events, and medical and sociodemographic variables in a sample of] 78 pregnant African American women. Birth outcomes were obtained from medical charts. Results: Life event exposure was high, but levels of perceived stress and negative emotional responses were low to moderate. Lower income African American women reported significantly greater pregnancy undesirability than higher income African American women. Educational attainment was not related to any of the stress variables, and neither income nor educational attainment was significantly related to birth outcomes. Number of stressful life events significantly predicted 3% additional variance in gestational age after controlling for potential confounders. Pyschosocial stress variables altogether accounted for 7% additional variance in gestational age-adjusted birth weight, with event distress and intrusive thoughts concerning severe life events emerging as the significant independent stress predictors. Conclusions: These results contribute to our understanding of the complex etiological processes involved in African American birth outcomes and set the stage for further research into their reproductive health status.