Prophecy and Porneia in Shenoute’s Letters: The Rhetoric of Sexuality in a Late Antique Egyptian Monastery*
Prophecy and Porneia in Shenoute’s Letters: The Rhetoric of Sexuality in a Late Antique Egyptian Monastery*
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谢努特书信中的预言和波涅亚：晚期古埃及修道院中的性修辞*
DOI：
10.1086/504984
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Caroline T. Schroeder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caroline T. Schroeder
四世纪和五世纪埃及修道院领袖阿特里佩的谢努特 (Shenoute of Atripe) 的著作经常被引用为研究科普特语言、古埃及晚期异教徒与基督徒之间的紧张关系以及早期修道院历史的无与伦比的资源。谢努特的社区位于上埃及，与古帕诺波利斯隔尼罗河对岸。据称，在他的领导下，该团体逐渐发展壮大，由数千名男性和女性僧侣组成（在性别隔离的住所中）。一个多世纪以来，学者们还注意到谢努特的书信和修道院规则中性话语的突出地位。寺院文本中这种露骨的语言的存在引起了二十世纪初一些学者的焦虑。他们试图为这些言论提供解释。在一篇关于上埃及修道院制度的论文中，保林·拉德兹 (Paulin Ladeuze) 对埃米尔·阿梅利诺 (Émile Amélineau) 对这种明显令人不安的语言的解释提出了质疑。拉德兹指责阿梅利诺发现谢努特和帕科米亚传统中的僧侣不如塞提斯和尼特里亚的僧侣纯洁和纪律严明。拉德兹指责阿梅利诺声称上埃及的僧侣们相对放纵地违背了贞洁的誓言，尤其是彼此之间。拉德兹试图恢复上埃及传统的声誉，并认为阿梅利诺大大夸大了资料中提到的鸡奸和其他“过激行为”的实例；根据拉德兹的说法，对这种行为的提及甚至可能是后来添加到文本中的。 1 第一本专门讨论谢努特的专着的作者约翰内斯·莱波尔特虽然对阿梅利诺的学术严谨性和拉德兹的客观性不屑一顾，但似乎还是站在一边
T he writings of the fourth and fifth century Egyptian monastic leader Shenoute of Atripe have often been cited as unparalleled resources for the study of the Coptic language, the tensions between pagans and Christians in late antique Egypt, and the history of early monasticism. Shenoute’s community was situated in Upper Egypt on the other side of the Nile River from ancient Panopolis. Under his leadership, it purportedly grew to comprise thousands of male and female monks (in gender-segregated residences). For well over a century, scholars also have noted the prominence of sexual discourse in Shenoute’s letters and monastic rules. The presence of such explicit language in monastic texts caused anxiety for some scholars near the turn of the twentieth century. They sought to provide explanations for the rhetoric. In a dissertation on Upper Egyptian monasticism, Paulin Ladeuze challenged Émile Amélineau’s interpretation of this apparently unsettling language. Amélineau, charged Ladeuze, found the monks in the Shenoutean and Pachomian traditions to be less pure and disciplined than their counterparts in Scetis and Nitria. Ladeuze faulted Amélineau for asserting that the monks of Upper Egypt broke their vows of chastity with relative abandon and particularly with each other. Ladeuze attempted to rehabilitate the reputation of the Upper Egyptian tradition and argued that Amélineau had vastly overstated instances of sodomy and other “excesses” mentioned in the sources; according to Ladeuze, references to such behavior could even be later additions to the texts. 1 The author of the first monograph devoted to Shenoute, Johannes Leipoldt, while dismissing the scholarly rigor of Amélineau and the objectivity of Ladeuze, nonetheless seemed to side