Use of life tables and LC50 tests to evaluate chronic and acute toxicity effects of copper on the marine copepod Tisbe furcata (Baird)
Use of life tables and LC50 tests to evaluate chronic and acute toxicity effects of copper on the marine copepod Tisbe furcata (Baird)
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使用生命表和 LC50 测试评估铜对海洋桡足类 Tisbefurcata (Baird) 的慢性和急性毒性作用
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发表时间：
1994
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通讯作者：
R. K. Bechmann
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作者：
R. K. Bechmann
在生命表实验中，附生海洋桡足类 Tisbefurcata 群体长期暴露于铜，以测试在亚致死浓度下是否会发生与生态相关的影响。繁殖力、寿命和发育速率的数据用于计算 rm——自然增长率的内在速率。进行急性毒性测试（96 小时 LC50 测试），以比较影响个体致死率和群体生物学的铜浓度。 Tisbe 分叉无节幼体的 LC50 值为 2.8 μM 铜 (178 μg/L)。生命表实验结果表明，0.9 μM 铜（LC50 的 32%）会对人口统计参数（无节幼体的总产量、寿命和可育雌性的繁殖期）造成显着的负面影响，并降低可育雌性的百分比，导致 rm 减少 61%。然而，在 0.9 μM 铜浓度下，rm 仍呈阳性，净繁殖率 (Ro) 表明种群规模从一代到下一代增加了五倍。尽管铜在 0.5 μM（LC50 的 18%）时没有显着影响，但几乎所有人口统计参数均呈负趋势，表明在此浓度下观察到的 rm 10% 降低是铜的影响。对于迄今为止通过急性 LC50 测试和生命表实验测试的物质，rm 在浓度低于 LC50/10 时并未降低。当使用生命表实验作为环境危害评估的一部分时，应测试低于 LC50/10 的浓度，以检测亚致死浓度下对环境可能有害的物质，而不是测试接近 LC50 的浓度。
Cohorts of the epiphytic marine copepod Tisbe furcata were chronically exposed to copper in life-table experiments to test whether ecologically relevant impacts can occur at sublethal concentrations. Data on fecundity, longevity, and rate of development were used to calculate rm – the intrinsic rate of natural increase. Acute toxicity tests (96-h LC50 tests) were done to compare the concentrations of copper affecting individual lethality and population biology. The LC50 value for Tisbe furcata nauplii was 2.8 μM copper (178 μg/L). The results from the life-table experiments show that 0.9 μM copper (32% of LC50) can cause significant negative effects on demographic parameters (total production of nauplii, life span, and reproductive period for fertile females) and reduce the percentage of fertile females leading to a 61% reduction of rm. However, rm was still positive at 0.9 μM copper, and the net reproductive rate (Ro) indicated a fivefold increase in population size from one generation to the next. Although there were no significant effects of copper at 0.5 μM (18% of LC50), there was a negative trend in almost all the demographic parameters, indicating that the observed 10% reduction of rm at this concentration was an effect of copper. For the substances tested so far with both acute LC50 tests and life-table experiments, rm was not reduced at concentrations below LC50/10. When life-table experiments are used as part of environmental hazard assessments, concentrations below LC50/10 should be tested to detect substances that are potentially harmful to the environment at sublethal concentrations, rather than testing concentrations close to LC50.