Measuring the built environment for physical activity: state of the science.
Measuring the built environment for physical activity: state of the science.
复制标题
测量体育活动的建筑环境：科学现状。
DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.005
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发表时间：
2009-04
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Sallis, James F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brownson, Ross C.;Hoehner, Christine M.;Day, Kristen;Forsyth, Ann;Sallis, James F.
缺乏运动是美国乃至全球最重要的公共健康问题之一。人们越来越多地认识到物理环境或建筑环境的各种元素与体育活动之间的联系。要了解建筑环境对身体活动的影响，开发高质量的测量方法至关重要。使用的建筑环境数据分为三类：(1)通过电话访谈或自我问卷调查获得的感知测量；(2)采用系统观察方法（审计）获得的观察措施；(3)档案数据集，这些数据集通常是分层的，并使用GIS进行分析。这篇综述对这三种与身体活动研究相关的建筑环境措施进行了批判性评估。在可感知的测量中，审查了19份问卷，长度从7到68个问题不等。审查了20种审计工具，涵盖社区环境（即社区、城市）、公园和小径。对于基于地理信息系统的测量方法，我们回顾了50多项研究。共同的地理信息系统措施，包括人口密度、土地使用组合、娱乐设施的使用和街道格局，在实施过程中发现了很大程度的变化。这是对建筑环境措施的第一次全面检查，表明在过去十年中取得了相当大的进展，显示了使用多种评估模式的各种环境变量。大多数可视为第一代措施，因此需要进一步发展。特别是，需要进一步研究以提高措施的技术质量，了解这些措施与不同人口群体的相关性，并了解这些措施对科学和公共卫生的效用。
Physical inactivity is one of the most important public health issues in the U.S. and internationally. Increasingly, links are being identified between various elements of the physical—or built—environment and physical activity. To understand the impact of the built environment on physical activity, the development of high-quality measures is essential. Three categories of built environment data are being used: (1) perceived measures obtained by telephone interview or self-administered questionnaires; (2) observational measures obtained using systematic observational methods (audits); and (3) archival data sets that are often layered and analyzed with GIS. This review provides a critical assessment of these three types of built-environment measures relevant to the study of physical activity. Among perceived measures, 19 questionnaires were reviewed, ranging in length from 7 to 68 questions. Twenty audit tools were reviewed that cover community environments (i.e., neighborhoods, cities), parks, and trails. For GIS-derived measures, more than 50 studies were reviewed. A large degree of variability was found in the operationalization of common GIS measures, which include population density, land-use mix, access to recreational facilities, and street pattern. This first comprehensive examination of built-environment measures demonstrates considerable progress over the past decade, showing diverse environmental variables available that use multiple modes of assessment. Most can be considered first-generation measures, so further development is needed. In particular, further research is needed to improve the technical quality of measures, understand the relevance to various population groups, and understand the utility of measures for science and public health.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Brownson, RC;Eyler, AA;Homan, SM
通讯作者：
Homan, SM
DOI：
10.1249/01.mss.0000227639.83607.4d
发表时间：
2006-09-01
期刊：
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cerin, Ester;Saelens, Brian E.;Frank, Lawrence D.
通讯作者：
Frank, Lawrence D.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Brownson, RC;Schmid, TL;Brown, DR
通讯作者：
Brown, DR
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Cervero, R;Duncan, M
通讯作者：
Duncan, M
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Brennan, LK;Baker, EA;Brownson, RC
通讯作者：
Brownson, RC