Functional Aspects of Sperm Chromatin Organization.
Functional Aspects of Sperm Chromatin Organization.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_10
复制
发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ward, W Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ribas-Maynou, Jordi;Nguyen, Hieu;Ward, W Steven
精子发生过程中组蛋白与精蛋白发生交换，使精子核呈现高度组织化和浓缩的染色质。这种高度的DNA浓缩导致几乎惰性的染色质，不可能像大多数其他体细胞那样进行基因转录。负责DNA凝聚的主要染色体结构是形成含有25 - 50个DNA酶的鱼精蛋白-DNA环。这些环状体通过环状体连接区（TLR）连接，环状体连接区将它们附着到核基质上，就像基质附着区（MAR）在体细胞中所做的那样。尽管高度浓缩，但有证据表明，精子染色质含有即使在完全浓缩的染色质中也可以降解的脆弱成分，这可能对应于在受精时将功能转移到受精卵的染色质区域。本章涵盖了我们的精子染色质结构模型及其影响胚胎发育的潜在功能元件的最新评论。
Sperm nuclei present a highly organized and condensed chromatin due to the interchange of histones by protamines during spermiogenesis. This high DNA condensation leads to almost inert chromatin, with the impossibility of conducting gene transcription as in most other somatic cells. The major chromosomal structure responsible for DNA condensation is the formation of protamine-DNA toroids containing 25-50 kilobases of DNA. These toroids are connected by toroid linker regions (TLR), which attach them to the nuclear matrix, as matrix attachment regions (MAR) do in somatic cells. Despite this high degree of condensation, evidence shows that sperm chromatin contains vulnerable elements that can be degraded even in fully condensed chromatin, which may correspond to chromatin regions that transfer functionality to the zygote at fertilization. This chapter covers an updated review of our model for sperm chromatin structure and its potential functional elements that affect embryo development.