Assessing perceived driving difficulties under emergency evacuation for vulnerable population groups
Assessing perceived driving difficulties under emergency evacuation for vulnerable population groups
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DOI：
10.1016/j.seps.2020.100878
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Sando, Thobias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abioye, Olumide F.;Dulebenets, Maxim A.;Sando, Thobias
自然灾害的破坏性影响，包括生命和财产损失，突出表明了有效备灾的重要性，特别是在灾害频繁发生的地区。一些研究表明，由于密集的交通流量，恶劣的天气条件和其他疏散人员的意外机动，在紧急疏散期间驾驶是相当具有挑战性的。然而，有限的研究已被用于评估个人，包括弱势群体，在紧急疏散的感知驾驶困难。本研究部署了一个驾驶模拟器，以模拟现实的紧急疏散场景，并量化紧急疏散下个人的驾驶困难。基于使用驾驶模拟器收集的数据，提出了一些统计模型来确定一组性能指标，包括心理需求，身体需求，时间需求，性能，努力，和挫折，经历了个人作为紧急疏散的结果。统计模型还捕获各种不同的驾驶员特征、交通特征、驾驶条件和疏散路线特征。分析结果表明，所考虑的性能指标显着影响了一些因素，包括年龄，性别，教育，种族，慢性疾病的存在，和自我报告的驾驶能力。从所进行的研究的见解可以应用在危险准备阶段，以减轻紧急疏散下的个人驾驶困难，并确保他们的安全。
The devastating impacts of natural hazards, including loss of lives and properties, underline the importance of efficient hazard preparedness, especially in the areas with frequent hazard occurrence. Several studies indicated that driving during emergency evacuation is quite challenging due to dense traffic flow, inclement weather conditions, and unexpected maneuvers of other evacuees. However, limited research has been directed towards assessing the perceived driving difficulties of individuals, including vulnerable population, under emergency evacuation. This study deploys a driving simulator in order to emulate realistic emergency evacuation scenarios and to quantify the perceived driving difficulties of individuals under emergency evacuation. Based on the data, collected using a driving simulator, a number of statistical models are proposed to determine a set of performance indicators, including the mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration, experienced by individuals as a result of emergency evacuation. The statistical models also capture a variety of different driver characteristics, traffic characteristics, driving conditions, and evacuation route characteristics. The analysis results suggest that the considered performance indicators are significantly influenced with a number of factors, including age, gender, education, race, presence of chronic diseases, and self-reported driving ability. The insights from the conducted research can be applied at the hazard preparedness stage to mitigate the perceived driving difficulties of individuals under emergency evacuation and ensure their safety.