Adapting Datacenter Capacity for Greener Datacenters and Grid
Adapting Datacenter Capacity for Greener Datacenters and Grid
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DOI：
10.1145/3575813.3595197
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Liuzixuan Lin;A. Chien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liuzixuan Lin;A. Chien
云提供商正在调整数据中心（DC）容量以减少碳排放。随着超大规模发电机超过100兆瓦，并且在某些电网中超过15%的电力负荷，直流自适应足以损害电网动态，增加碳排放，电力价格或降低电网可靠性。为避免危害，探讨了直流容量变化在空间和时间上的协调性。在空间上，协调范围跨越单个数据中心、一组数据中心和网格中的数据中心。在时间上，范围从在线到一天前。我们还考虑使用了哪些DC和电网信息（例如，实时和前一天的平均碳排放、电价和计算积压）。例如，在我们提出的PlanShare方案中，每个数据中心使用一天前的信息来创建容量计划并共享它，从而允许全局网格优化（在所有负载上，在一整天内）。我们评估DC碳减排。结果表明，地方协调范围未能显著减少碳排放（减少3.2%-5.4%）。将协调范围扩大到一组协调中心略有改善（4.9%-7.3%）。具有全电网协调和全天容量规划的PlanShare表现最好。PlanShare将DC排放量减少了11.6%-12.6%，比最好的本地在线方法的结果高1.56倍-1.26倍。PlanShare还实现了更低的成本。我们预计，随着电网中可再生能源发电量的增加，这些优势将会增加。此外，已知的全天DC容量计划为DC资源管理提供了稳定的目标。
Cloud providers are adapting datacenter (DC) capacity to reduce carbon emissions. With hyperscale datacenters exceeding 100 MW individually, and in some grids exceeding 15% of power load, DC adaptation is large enough to harm power grid dynamics, increasing carbon emissions, power prices, or reduce grid reliability. To avoid harm, we explore coordination of DC capacity change varying scope in space and time. In space, coordination scope spans a single datacenter, a group of datacenters, and datacenters with the grid. In time, scope ranges from online to day-ahead. We also consider what DC and grid information is used (e.g. real-time and day-ahead average carbon, power price, and compute backlog). For example, in our proposed PlanShare scheme, each datacenter uses day-ahead information to create a capacity plan and shares it, allowing global grid optimization (over all loads, over entire day). We evaluate DC carbon emissions reduction. Results show that local coordination scope fails to reduce carbon emissions significantly (3.2%–5.4% reduction). Expanding coordination scope to a set of datacenters improves slightly (4.9%–7.3%). PlanShare, with grid-wide coordination and full-day capacity planning, performs the best. PlanShare reduces DC emissions by 11.6%–12.6%, 1.56x–1.26x better than the best local, online approach’s results. PlanShare also achieves lower cost. We expect these advantages to increase as renewable generation in power grids increases. Further, a known full-day DC capacity plan provides a stable target for DC resource management.