The ethics of ageing.
The ethics of ageing.
复制标题
老龄化的伦理。
DOI：
10.1111/bioe.12453
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
John‐Stewart Gordon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
John‐Stewart Gordon
在过去的几十年里，人口以前所未有的方式增长，尽管地球仪的预期寿命仍然存在很大差异。此外，包括体弱长者在内的长者在人口中所占的比例，正大幅增加。这种情况不仅对各国的社会制度和医疗系统构成压力，而且也提出了我们的社会应如何对待老年人的重要问题。相关问题包括适当使用稀缺资源、保健和社会护理模式以及有关保健、退休年龄和养恤金的政策（随着退休人员与工作人员的比例上升，这种情况在未来可能会变得难以为继）。人口增长如此之快的主要原因是：（一）医学技术的巨大进步，（二）最近没有发生全球性流行病，（3）自1945年以来没有发生过全球性战争。后果是严重的。毫无疑问，工业化的西方社会必须重新考虑其以前的政策，并处理老年人人数不断增加的影响。社会上的老年人不仅受到不可避免的身体衰退的负面影响，而且还受到随之而来的社会因素的负面影响：无法工作、贫困、失去朋友、家长作风和衰老的病态化。由于身体伤害和社会伤害都可能损害老年人的尊严，他们的家庭成员、社区和整个社会必须采取预防措施，避免这种麻烦的结果。有尊严的晚年生活意味着什么？是否有一种有前途的老龄化规范理论来处理老龄化、责任和美好生活等前沿的当代问题？老龄化伦理的关键概念是什么？老年痴呆症对老年人有什么影响？这些和相关的问题是这个特刊的重点，其中包括五个及时的，迷人的和具有挑战性的文章，从分析和大陆的传统，提高我们对老年的理解。Frantik使用Apel的话语伦理学和玩偶疗法的概念来表明，老年痴呆症患者有可能保持一定程度的个人责任感，并确保他们融入社会。与此同时，Boddington和费瑟斯通的分析是基于对英格兰和威尔士五家医院痴呆症患者的护理进行的人种学研究。他们展示了痴呆症患者的康复护理问题如何挑战接受者的尊严和人格。不适当的照料不仅是忽视、虐待和歧视的表现，而且是对人权的严重侵犯，也是个人福利的基本问题。Bozzaro、Boldt和Schweda质疑脆弱性作为老年必要标志的传统概念。相反，他们认为，老年本身并不是被认为是脆弱的充分标准，更恰当地思考老龄化问题为我们提供了一个更好的机会。
The human population has grown in unprecedented ways during the last few decades, although life expectancy still varies considerably across the globe. Moreover, the proportion of the population represented by elderly people, including the frail elderly, is increasing substantially. This situation not only presents a source of pressure for social systems and the health care systems of various countries, but also raises the vital question of how our societies should deal with elderly people. Related issues include the appropriate use of scarce resources, models of health and social care, and policies concerning health, retirement age and pensions (which could become untenable in the future as the ratio of retirees to working persons rises).The primary reasons why the human population has increased so greatly are (i) the great technological advances in medicine,(ii) the lack of recent global pandemics, and (iii) the lack of global wars since 1945. The consequences are substantial. Without a doubt, industrialized Western societies must reconsider their former policies and deal with the implications of the growing number of elderly people. Older members of society are negatively affected not only by their inevitable physical decline, but also by concomitant social factors: inability to work, poverty, loss of friends, paternalism, and the pathologizing of ageing. Since both physical and social types of harm can undermine the dignity of elderly people, their family members, communities, and the society at large must take precautions to avoid this troublesome outcome. What does it mean to live a dignified life in old age? Is there a promising normative theory of ageing that deals with contemporary issues at the cutting edge of ageing, responsibility and the good life? What are the key notions of the ethics of ageing? What about the role of dementia with respect to old age? These and related problems are the focus of this special issue, which features five timely, fascinating and challenging articles from both the analytical and continental tradition that improve our understanding of old age. Frantik uses Apel’s discourse ethics and the concept of doll therapy to show that it is possible for people with age-related dementia to maintain a level of personal responsibility and secure their inclusion in society. Boddington and Featherstone’s analysis, meanwhile, is based on an ethnographic study of continence care for people with dementia at five hospitals in England and Wales. They show how the problem of continence care for people with dementia challenges the recipients’ dignity and personhood. Improper continence care is not only a sign of neglect, abuse and discrimination, but also a severe violation of human rights as well as a basic issue of individual welfare. Bozzaro, Boldt and Schweda question the traditional concept of vulnerability as a necessary marker of old age. Instead, they argue that old age as such is not a sufficient criterion for being considered vulnerable, and that thinking about ageing more properly provides us with a