Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacteria in Maize Fields
Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacteria in Maize Fields
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DOI：
10.3390/land10030328
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Jianqiang Wu;C. Sha;Min Wang;C. Ye;Peng Li;Shenfa Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jianqiang Wu;C. Sha;Min Wang;C. Ye;Peng Li;Shenfa Huang
土壤微生物在农业生态系统中发挥着重要作用，但它们对有机肥施用的反应尚未得到彻底阐明。因此，高通量测序被用来调查在玉米植株的整个生长周期中，土壤细菌对有机肥改良剂（从猪粪堆肥）的反应。研究了四种处理：m-2有机肥处理（OF 2）、有机肥处理（OF 4）、有机肥处理（OF 6）和不施肥对照（CK）。结果表明，OF_2处理的细菌丰度显著低于对照（p < 0.05）。土壤富营养化细菌Bacteroidetes在所有施肥土壤中均得到有效增加，在整个玉米生长周期中OF 2、OF 4和OF 6的相对丰度分别比对照高68.00%、71.40%和77.93%。土壤硝化细菌（Nitrospira、Nitrospira）数量随施肥量的增加而显著减少（p < 0.05）。成熟期OF_6的固氮菌属Adhaeribacter的相对丰度分别比对照、OF_2和OF_4高209.28%、72.8%和35.66%。在水稻苗期，施过肥的土壤中致病菌黄杆菌显著增加（p < 0.05）。控制CK、OF_2、OF_4和OF_6土壤细菌群落变化的驱动因子分别为pH值、有效磷、有效磷和铬。研究结果表明，部分土壤功能菌或病原菌种群对有机肥施用敏感，土壤细菌组成变化的驱动因素与施肥量有关。需要更多的针对性实验来加强对功能菌的认识，以及土壤理化性质对土壤细菌的协同作用。
Soil microorganisms play an important role in agricultural ecosystems, but their response to organic fertilizer application has not been thoroughly elucidated. Thus, high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the responses of soil bacterial to organic fertilizer amendment (composted from pig manure) in the field during the entire growth cycle of maize plants. Four treatments were studied: treatment with 2 kg·m−2 organic fertilizer application (OF_2), treatment with 4 kg·m−2 organic fertilizer application (OF_4), treatment with 6 kg·m−2 organic fertilizer application (OF_6), and a controlled treatment (CK) without fertilization. The results revealed that the bacterial richness in OF_2 was significantly lower than that of CK (p < 0.05). Soil eutrophication bacteria Bacteroidetes increased effectively in all fertilized soils, relative abundance in OF_2, OF_4, and OF_6 for the entire maize growth cycle was 68.00%, 71.40%, and 77.93% higher than that in CK, respectively. In addition, soil nitrobacteria (Nitrospirae, Nitrospira), were markedly decreased (p < 0.05) with fertilization amount. The relative abundance of the nitrogen-fixing genus Adhaeribacter in OF_6 was 209.28%, 72.8% and 35.66% higher than that in CK, OF_2 and OF_4 at mature stage. The pathogenic genus Flavolibacterium was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in fertilized soil at the seeding stage. The driving factor governing the variations of bacterial community in CK, OF_2, OF_4 and OF_6 were pH value, available phosphorus, available phosphorus, and chromium, respectively. The findings highlight that part of the soil functional or pathogenic bacteria population was susceptible to organic fertilizer application; and the driving factor of bacterial composition change was associated with the rate of fertilization. More targeted experiments are needed to enhance the understanding of functional bacteria and the synergistic effect of soil physicochemical property physical on soil bacteria.