Overweight in Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood and Cardiovascular Risk in Later Life: Pooled Analysis of Three British Birth Cohorts
Overweight in Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood and Cardiovascular Risk in Later Life: Pooled Analysis of Three British Birth Cohorts
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0058874
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发表时间：
2013-07-24
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kinra, Sanjay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park, Min Hae;Sovio, Ulla;Kinra, Sanjay
将非天然氨基酸和拟肽残基掺入治疗性肽中是高度有效的并且是常用的，但通常需要费力的试错法。以前，我们证明C-20肽具有成为潜在抗病毒剂的潜力。在这里，我们报告我们试图通过引入肽模拟物来改善这种肽的生物学特性。通过结合丙氨酸，脯氨酸和肌氨酸扫描，再加上竞争性荧光偏振测定开发用于识别抗病毒肽，我们能够精确定位C-20肽内的类肽耐受肽残基。这些（和其他）常用的方法相结合的协同效益可能会导致一个易于应用的策略，设计和完善治疗有吸引力的peptidomimetics.Background：超重和肥胖在成年期的不良心血管疾病的危险因素，但在儿童超重的贡献，后来的心血管疾病的风险是不太清楚。儿童期超重的直接影响的证据将突出早期生活作为预防心血管疾病的重要目标。本研究的目的是评估儿童和青少年时期超重和肥胖是否会导致成年人心血管风险过高。方法和结果：来自1946年、1958年和1970年出生的三个英国出生队列的数据进行了汇总分析（n = 11,447）。根据体重指数（BMI），将儿童、青少年和成年期的个体分为正常体重或超重/肥胖。根据这三个阶段的体重状况定义了八种超重模式。Logistic回归模型拟合，以评估超重模式与成人（34-53岁）自我报告的2型糖尿病，高血压和冠心病（CHD）的相关性。与从未超重的队列成员相比，那些成年后肥胖的人所有结果的风险都增加了。对于2型糖尿病，在儿童和青少年时期超重或肥胖的肥胖成年人（OR 12.6; 95%CI 6.6 - 24.0）的比值比高于仅在成年期肥胖的人（OR 5.5; 95%CI 3.4 - 8.8）。儿童或青少年超重对高血压没有这种影响。对于冠心病，有微弱的证据表明儿童时期超重的人风险增加。本研究的主要局限性关注使用自我报告的结果和generalisability的结果，以当代儿童population.Conclusions：2型糖尿病和CHD风险在较小程度上可能会受到超重在生命的各个阶段，而高血压的风险与成年体重状况更密切相关。
Incorporation of unnatural amino acids and peptidomimetic residues into therapeutic peptides is highly efficacious and commonly employed, but generally requires laborious trial-and-error approaches. Previously, we demonstrated that C-20 peptide has the potential to be a potential antiviral agent. Herein we report our attempt to improve the biological properties of this peptide by introducing peptidomimetics. Through combined alanine, proline, and sarcosine scans coupled with a competitive fluorescence polarization assay developed for identifying antiviral peptides, we enabled to pinpoint peptoid-tolerant peptide residues within C-20 peptide. The synergistic benefits of combining these (and other) commonly employed methods could lead to a easily applicable strategy for designing and refining therapeutically-attractive peptidomimetics.Background: Overweight and obesity in adulthood are established risk factors for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the contribution of overweight in childhood to later cardiovascular risk is less clear. Evidence for a direct effect of childhood overweight would highlight early life as an important target for cardiovascular disease prevention. The aim of this study was to assess whether overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence contribute to excess cardiovascular risk in adults.Methods and findings: Data from three British birth cohorts, born in 1946, 1958 and 1970, were pooled for analysis (n = 11,447). Individuals were categorised, based on body mass index (BMI), as being of normal weight or overweight/obese in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Eight patterns of overweight were defined according to weight status at these three stages. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the associations of patterns of overweight with self-reported type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease (CHD) in adulthood (34-53 years). Compared to cohort members who were never overweight, those who were obese in adulthood had increased risk of all outcomes. For type 2 diabetes, the odds ratio was higher for obese adults who were also overweight or obese in childhood and adolescence (OR 12.6; 95% CI 6.6 to 24.0) than for those who were obese in adulthood only (OR 5.5; 95% CI 3.4 to 8.8). There was no such effect of child or adolescent overweight on hypertension. For CHD, there was weak evidence of increased risk among those with overweight in childhood. The main limitations of this study concern the use of self-reported outcomes and the generalisability of findings to contemporary child populations.Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes and to a lesser extent CHD risk may be affected by overweight at all stages of life, while hypertension risk is associated more strongly with weight status in adulthood.