Infant anticipatory stress
Infant anticipatory stress
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婴儿预期压力
作者：
David W. Haley;J. Cordick;S. Mackrell;I. Antony;Maireanne Ryan
在人类中，预期应激涉及边缘-下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活，该轴释放应激激素，如皮质醇，以应对迫在眉睫的应激源。调节应激反应以预测和准备未来的挑战是适应的一个标志。目前尚不清楚，人类出生第一年的婴儿是否已经发展出神经回路，以支持对依恋环境中应激事件的预期。在这里，我们表明，六个月大的人类婴儿在24小时后再次暴露在他们对亲子关系中断表现出压力反应的环境中时，会产生预期的应激反应，如应激激素的释放所示。尽管婴儿对应激事件(父母无反应)的应激反应(皮质醇升高)比对第二次暴露(房间、椅子、父母和实验者在场等)更大，但在这两天应激组都比对照组更大。结果表明，人类婴儿有能力产生预期的压力反应，这是基于他们的父母将如何在特定环境下对待他们的预期。
In humans, anticipatory stress involves activation of the limbic–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which releases stress hormones such as cortisol in response to an impending stressor. Conditioning of the stress response to anticipate and prepare for future challenges is a hallmark of adaptation. It is unknown whether human infants in the first year of life have developed the neural circuitry to support the anticipation of stressful events in an attachment context. Here, we show that human infants at six months of age produce an anticipatory stress response, as indicated by the release of stress hormones, when re-exposed after 24 h to a context in which they demonstrated a stress response to a disruption in the parent–infant relationship. Although infant stress response (cortisol elevation) was greater to the stressful event (parent unresponsiveness) than to the second exposure to the stress context (room, chair, presence of parent and experimenter, etc.), it was greater in the stress group than in the control group on both days. Results suggest that human infants have the capacity to produce an anticipatory stress response that is based on expectations about how their parents will treat them in a specific context.