Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag and protease: partners in resistance.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag and protease: partners in resistance.
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DOI:
10.1186/1742-4690-9-63
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发表时间:
2012-08-06
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Nijhuis M
Nijhuis M
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fun A;Wensing AM;Verheyen J;Nijhuis M

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人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的成熟在病毒生命周期中发挥着重要作用,通过病毒 Gag 和 GagPol 前体蛋白的蛋白水解加工生成成熟的感染性病毒颗粒。多蛋白加工受损会导致产生非感染性病毒颗粒。因此,颗粒成熟是一个极好的药物靶点,例如专门针对病毒蛋白酶的抑制剂(蛋白酶抑制剂;PI)以及针对前体 Gag 和 GagPol 多蛋白的实验类成熟抑制剂。考虑到两类药物的不同靶位点,直接交叉耐药性似乎不太可能。然而,在体内和体外均观察到 PI 暴露期间蛋白酶及其底物 Gag 的共同进化。这篇综述详细讨论了在 PI 压力下选择的 Gag 中的所有突变。我们评估了 Gag 的多态性和突变如何影响 PI 治疗,这是 PI 耐药性的一个方面,目前未包含在标准基因型 PI 耐药性测试中。此外,我们还考虑了 Gag 突变对未来成熟抑制剂的开发和定位的影响。
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) maturation plays an essential role in the viral life cycle by enabling the generation of mature infectious virus particles through proteolytic processing of the viral Gag and GagPol precursor proteins. An impaired polyprotein processing results in the production of non-infectious virus particles. Consequently, particle maturation is an excellent drug target as exemplified by inhibitors specifically targeting the viral protease (protease inhibitors; PIs) and the experimental class of maturation inhibitors that target the precursor Gag and GagPol polyproteins. Considering the different target sites of the two drug classes, direct cross-resistance may seem unlikely. However, coevolution of protease and its substrate Gag during PI exposure has been observed both in vivo and in vitro. This review addresses in detail all mutations in Gag that are selected under PI pressure. We evaluate how polymorphisms and mutations in Gag affect PI therapy, an aspect of PI resistance that is currently not included in standard genotypic PI resistance testing. In addition, we consider the consequences of Gag mutations for the development and positioning of future maturation inhibitors.
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