Procurement as AI Governance
Procurement as AI Governance
复制标题
采购作为人工智能治理
DOI：
10.1109/tts.2021.3111764
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Coglianese
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. M. B. Dor;C. Coglianese
当法院、行政机构和其他政府机构使用人工智能(AI)时，围绕人工智能(AI)的伦理问题变得更加突出。但政府往往必须依赖私人承包商来帮助建立其人工智能系统，这既是一个挑战，也是一个与人工智能治理相关的机遇。在为自己抵御公众批评或诉讼时，政府官员需要提供关于其算法设计和操作的足够信息，但他们可以披露的信息可能会受到阻碍，因为他们往往依赖于声称自己的工作受到商业秘密保护的私人承包商。这一挑战的解决方案在于采购过程：各国政府在签订人工智能相关产品和服务合同时，需要提前计划，以确保承包商一定会提供信息供监督。这一解决方案还指出，采购有机会通过促进遵守道德规范，作为一种人工智能“软法”治理。当采购标准要求透明和符合道德的人工智能时，向政府提供产品和服务的公司不仅需要适应这些与人工智能相关的采购标准，而且它们的行动还可能激励最佳做法在整个行业得到更广泛的传播。
Ethical issues surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) take on an added salience when courts, administrative agencies, and other governmental bodies use AI. But governments often must rely on private contractors to help build their AI systems, which presents both a challenge and an opportunity related to AI governance. In defending themselves against public criticism or lawsuits, government officials need to put forward adequate information about the design and operation of their algorithms, but they can be hampered in what they can disclose because they often rely on private contractors who claim trade secret protection over their work. The solution to that challenge lies in the procurement process: governments need to plan ahead when contracting for AI-related products and services to ensure that contractors will be bound to make information available for oversight. This solution also points to an opportunity for procurement to serve as a form of AI “soft law” governance by promoting compliance with ethical norms. When procurement standards call for transparency and ethical AI, not only will companies that provide products and services to governments need to adapt to these AI-related procurement standards but their actions could also inspire a broader diffusion of best practices throughout the industry.