Role of stress-related glucocorticoid changes in astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interactions that regulate myelin production and maintenance.
Role of stress-related glucocorticoid changes in astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interactions that regulate myelin production and maintenance.
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应激相关糖皮质激素变化在星形胶质细胞-少突胶质细胞相互作用中的作用，调节髓磷脂的产生和维持。
DOI：
10.14670/hh-18-476
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
2
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中科院分区：
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应激反应的反复激活和皮质类固醇激素的升高会导致神经元生理和代谢的改变，并导致大脑不同区域神经元之间的正常连接中断。此外，应激反应还与神经胶质细胞，特别是星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的功能异常有关，这反过来可能进一步促进神经元功能障碍的机制。皮质类固醇对星形胶质细胞的作用很可能是通过细胞内和细胞膜结合的皮质醇受体来实现的。虽然明显不如星形胶质细胞丰富，但少突胶质细胞中皮质醇受体的激活也会导致结构变化，这反映在髓鞘的维持和可塑性上。星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞之间通过细胞外基质分子、可溶性因子和星形胶质细胞-少突胶质细胞缝隙连接的密切相互作用很可能介导了部分髓鞘结构的紊乱，导致可塑性髓鞘适应或病理性髓鞘断裂，这可能显著影响脑连接。同样，一些星形胶质细胞突起的尖端与白质中大多数Ranvier结节的密切联系表明，应激和过度暴露于皮质类固醇可能导致Ranvier结节及其特定的细胞外环境的重塑。
Repeated activation of stress responses and elevated corticosteroids result in alterations of neuronal physiology and metabolism, and lead to disturbances of normal connectivity between neurons in various brain regions. In addition, stress responses are also associated with anomalies in the function of glial cells, particularly astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which in turn may further contribute to the mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. The actions of corticosteroids on astrocytes are very likely mediated by the presence of intracellular and cell membrane-bound CORT receptors. Although apparently less abundant than in astrocytes, activation of CORT receptors in oligodendrocytes also leads to structural changes that are reflected in myelin maintenance and plasticity. The close interactions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes through extracellular matrix molecules, soluble factors and astrocyte-oligodendrocyte gap junctions very likely mediate part of the disturbances in myelin structure, leading to plastic myelin adaptations or pathological myelin disruptions that may significantly influence brain connectivity. Likewise, the intimate association of the tips of some astrocytes processes with a majority of nodes of Ranvier in the white matter suggest that stress and overexposure to corticosteroids may lead to remodeling of node of Ranvier and their specific extracellular milieu.