New Phylogenetic Analysis of the Family Elephantidae Based on Cranial‐Dental Morphology
New Phylogenetic Analysis of the Family Elephantidae Based on Cranial‐Dental Morphology
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基于颅齿形态学的象科新系统发育分析
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
N. Todd
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作者：
N. Todd
1973年，Vincent Maglio出版了一本关于大象科进化的开创性专著，其中他修订并浓缩了亨利费尔菲尔德奥斯本在1931年命名的100多个物种。米歇尔·贝登在1979年进一步修订了非洲象科，但自出版以来，对该科的系统研究很少。随着新标本、新种的加入和年代学的修订，有必要对该科的系统发育和系统分类进行新的分析。一个新的描述性特征数据集是从现代大象的研究中产生的，用于化石物种。在所有三个谱系的大象的头骨和牙齿字符的平行进化创造同源性的噪音在分支分析，但新的推论进化关系是可能的。在这项分析中，早期Loxodonta和早期非洲猛犸象在牙齿形态上几乎无法区分。大象谱系不是单系的，从这个分析的结果表明，多个迁移事件从非洲进入欧亚大陆，并可能回到非洲。对这三个谱系的起源也提出了新的见解，Stegotetrabelodon导致了Mammuthus谱系，Primelephas是Loxodonta和Elephas的祖先。这些新的结果提出了一个更复杂的图片大象的起源，进化和古地理。Anat Rec，2010.© 2009 Wiley利斯公司
In 1973, Vincent Maglio published a seminal monograph on the evolution of the Elephantidae, in which he revised and condensed the 100+ species named by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1931. Michel Beden further revised the African Elephantidae in 1979, but little systematic work has been done on the family since this publication. With addition of new specimens and species and revisions of chronology, a new analysis of the phylogeny and systematics of this family is warranted. A new, descriptive character dataset was generated from studies of modern elephants for use with fossil species. Parallel evolution in cranial and dental characters in all three lineages of elephants creates homoplastic noise in cladistic analysis, but new inferences about evolutionary relationships are possible. In this analysis, early Loxodonta and early African Mammuthus are virtually indistinguishable in dental morphology. The Elephas lineage is not monophyletic, and results from this analysis suggest multiple migration events out of Africa into Eurasia, and possibly back into Africa. New insight into the origin of the three lineages is also proposed, with Stegotetrabelodon leading to the Mammuthus lineage, and Primelephas as the ancestor of Loxodonta and Elephas. These new results suggest a much more complex picture of elephantid origins, evolution, and paleogeography. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.