Gaze and arrow cueing of attention reveals individual differences along the autism spectrum as a function of target context
Gaze and arrow cueing of attention reveals individual differences along the autism spectrum as a function of target context
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DOI：
10.1348/000712604x15626
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Tipper, SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bayliss, AP;Tipper, SP
观察转移的凝视导致注意力反射性地转移到凝视的位置。在两个实验中，参与者得分高和低的自闭症谱系商数问卷（AQ; Baron-Cohen，惠尔赖特，斯金纳，马丁，和Clubley，200 1）观察箭头和凝视线索调查线索效应的大小作为一个功能的背景下，周边目标可能出现。虽然相同的线索效应，发现与凝视和箭头线索，更引人注目的结果涉及目标刺激。在实验1中，目标可以出现在一个周边的脸，或在混乱的脸部分。总的来说，更大的线索效果时，发现目标出现在脸上。然而，这种面部偏见只在低AQ分数的参与者中观察到，而高AQ分数的参与者更倾向于杂乱的特征。实验2发现，工具上出现的目标，工具部件相比，相同的线索。然而，个体差异再次观察到，低AQ评分者表现出较大的线索对工具，而高分者更倾向于混乱的部分，在实验1。这些结果支持了低AQ个体对他人关注的物体具有强烈定向的观点。然而，由于对箭头线索也发现了相同的结果，因此这种效应可能会推广到所有注意力的中央线索。拥有更多类似自闭症特征的高AQ得分者倾向于更倾向于混乱的形状，这可能反映了他们倾向于局部细节的偏见。
Observing averted gaze results in a reflexive shift of attention to the gazed-at location. In two experiments, participants scoring high and low on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaire (AQ; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, & Clubley, 200 1) observed arrow and gaze cues to investigate cueing effect magnitude as a function of the context in which peripheral targets could appear. While identical cueing effects were found with gaze and arrow cues, the more striking results concerned target stimuli. In Experiment 1, targets could appear on a peripheral face, or on scrambled face parts. Overall, greater cueing effects were found when the target appeared on a face. However, this face bias was only observed in participants with low AQ scores, whereas high AQ scorers oriented more to scrambled features. Experiment 2 found equal cueing to targets appearing on tools, as compared with tool parts. However, individual differences were again observed, where low AQ scorers showed larger cueing towards tools, while high scorers oriented more to scrambled parts, as in Experiment 1. These results support the idea that low AQ individuals orient strongly to objects attended by others. However, since the same results were found for arrow cues, this effect may generalize to all central cues to attention. High AQ scorers possessing many more autistic-like traits tended to orient more to scrambled shapes, perhaps reflecting a bias for orienting to local details.