Mind Your Errors: Evidence for a Neural Mechanism Linking Growth Mind-Set to Adaptive Posterror Adjustments
Mind Your Errors: Evidence for a Neural Mechanism Linking Growth Mind-Set to Adaptive Posterror Adjustments
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797611419520
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Lee, Yu-Hao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moser, Jason S.;Schroder, Hans S.;Lee, Yu-Hao
人们从错误中恢复过来的能力取决于他们对学习和智力的信念。对于具有成长心态的人来说，他们相信智力是通过努力发展的，错误被视为学习和提高的机会。对于有固定思维模式的人来说，他们认为智力是一种稳定的特征，错误表明缺乏能力。我们研究了性能监测事件相关电位（ERP），以探讨这些不同的反应错误的神经机制。研究结果表明，增长的心态与增强的错误积极性组件（Pe），这反映了意识和分配的注意错误。与倾向于固定思维的人相比，倾向于成长的人在犯错误后也表现出了上级的准确性。值得注意的是，Pe振幅介导了思维定势和恐怖后准确性之间的关系。这些结果表明，对错误的在线意识和注意力进行索引的神经机制与成长型个体从错误中恢复的能力密切相关。
How well people bounce back from mistakes depends on their beliefs about learning and intelligence. For individuals with a growth mind-set, who believe intelligence develops through effort, mistakes are seen as opportunities to learn and improve. For individuals with a fixed mind-set, who believe intelligence is a stable characteristic, mistakes indicate lack of ability. We examined performance-monitoring event-related potentials (ERPs) to probe the neural mechanisms underlying these different reactions to mistakes. Findings revealed that a growth mind-set was associated with enhancement of the error positivity component (Pe), which reflects awareness of and allocation of attention to mistakes. More growth-minded individuals also showed superior accuracy after mistakes compared with individuals endorsing a more fixed mind-set. It is critical to note that Pe amplitude mediated the relationship between mind-set and posterror accuracy. These results suggest that neural mechanisms indexing on-line awareness of and attention to mistakes are intimately involved in growth-minded individuals' ability to rebound from mistakes.