Exploratory spatial analysis of pilot fatality rates in general aviation crashes using geographic information systems.
Exploratory spatial analysis of pilot fatality rates in general aviation crashes using geographic information systems.
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/155.5.398
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发表时间：
2002-03
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
J. Grabowski;F. Curriero;S. Baker;Guohua Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Grabowski;F. Curriero;S. Baker;Guohua Li
采用地理信息系统和探索性空间分析来描述1983-1998年美国大陆通用航空事故中飞行员死亡率的地理特征。作者在电子地图上绘制了坠机地点；在规则的网格交叉点计算速率，然后使用地理信息系统进行插值。通过蒙特卡罗模拟进行了显著性检验。进一步的分析比较了低、中、高速率区域与飞行员特性、飞机类型和坠毁环境的关系。在研究的14051起通用航空事故中，31%是致命的。74个地理区域被归类为低死亡率，53个地理区域被归类为高死亡率。死亡率高的地区往往是山区，如落基山脉和阿巴拉契亚地区，而死亡率低的地区则相对平坦，如大平原。对低、中、高死亡率地区的进一步分析表明，在仪器气象条件下，高死亡率地区的坠机事故比其他地区的坠机事故更有可能发生，并涉及飞机火灾。研究表明，地理信息系统是预防伤害和航空安全研究的重要工具。
Geographic information systems and exploratory spatial analysis were used to describe the geographic characteristics of pilot fatality rates in 1983-1998 general aviation crashes within the continental United States. The authors plotted crash sites on a digital map; rates were computed at regular grid intersections and then interpolated by using geographic information systems. A test for significance was performed by using Monte Carlo simulations. Further analysis compared low-, medium-, and high-rate areas in relation to pilot characteristics, aircraft type, and crash circumstance. Of the 14,051 general aviation crashes studied, 31% were fatal. Seventy-four geographic areas were categorized as having low fatality rates and 53 as having high fatality rates. High-fatality-rate areas tended to be mountainous, such as the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian region, whereas low-rate areas were relatively flat, such as the Great Plains. Further analysis comparing low-, medium-, and high-fatality-rate areas revealed that crashes in high-fatality-rate areas were more likely than crashes in other areas to have occurred under instrument meteorologic conditions and to involve aircraft fire. This study demonstrates that geographic information systems are a valuable tool for injury prevention and aviation safety research.