Host Preference of Beneficial Commensals in a Microbially-Diverse Environment.
Host Preference of Beneficial Commensals in a Microbially-Diverse Environment.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2022.795343
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.7
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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肠道细菌通常被中性地称为共生菌。然而，我们对它们与宿主的相互作用了解得越多，肠道共生体对宿主生理和健康的积极贡献就越明显。宿主是否更喜欢有益细菌，以及它们是如何这样做的，目前还不清楚。这在秀丽隐杆线虫的情况下特别有趣，它依赖于细菌作为食物来源，但也作为肠道定植者，有助于其生理，从发育到免疫。目前还不清楚生活在微生物多样性栖息地的蠕虫在多大程度上能够感知和区分有益细菌、食物和病原体。以肠杆菌科及其密切相关的家族成员为研究对象，我们从堆肥微环境中饲养的蠕虫以及各自环境中的细菌中分离出肠道细菌，并评估了它们对宿主发育的贡献。与非定植的大肠杆菌食物菌株相比，大多数从蠕虫或周围环境中分离出来的菌株促进了更快的发育。Pantoea菌株进一步显示出肠道分离株与环境分离株的差异贡献。表征细菌阻碍铜绿假单胞菌致病性定植的能力，支持Pantoea肠道共生菌有益的趋势，与环境菌株相反。有趣的是，蠕虫被有益的Pantoea菌株所吸引，更喜欢它们而不是非有益的细菌，包括环境Pantoea菌株。虽然我们对这些宿主-微生物相互作用的机制的理解仍然是初步的，但研究结果表明，宿主可以感知并偏好有益的共生体。
Gut bacteria are often described by the neutral term commensals. However, the more we learn about their interactions with hosts, the more apparent it becomes that gut commensals often contribute positively to host physiology and fitness. Whether hosts can prefer beneficial bacteria, and how they do so, is not clear. This is of particular interest in the case of the bacterivore C. elegans, which depends on bacteria as food source, but also as gut colonizers that contribute to its physiology, from development to immunity. It is further unclear to what extent worms living in their microbially-diverse habitats can sense and distinguish between beneficial bacteria, food, and pathogens. Focusing on Enterobacteriaceae and members of closely related families, we isolated gut bacteria from worms raised in compost microcosms, as well as bacteria from the respective environments and evaluated their contributions to host development. Most isolates, from worms or from the surrounding environment, promoted faster development compared to the non-colonizing E. coli food strain. Pantoea strains further showed differential contributions of gut isolates versus an environmental isolate. Characterizing bacterial ability to hinder pathogenic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, supported the trend of Pantoea gut commensals being beneficial, in contrast to the environmental strain. Interestingly, worms were attracted to the beneficial Pantoea strains, preferring them over non-beneficial bacteria, including the environmental Pantoea strain. While our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these host-microbe interactions are still rudimentary, the results suggest that hosts can sense and prefer beneficial commensals.