Losses, Many‐Body Correlations, and Universality in Ultracold Molecules
Losses, Many‐Body Correlations, and Universality in Ultracold Molecules
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DOI：
10.1002/qute.202100117
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发表时间：
2022-02
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Mingyuan He;Chenwei Lv;Qi Zhou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mingyuan He;Chenwei Lv;Qi Zhou
最近的实验发展使物理学家能够将分子的运动冻结到超冷温度范围，在那里量子效应变得深刻。此外，每个分子可以精确地制备在选定的内部状态和分子之间的相互作用也是高度可调的。因此，超冷分子已经成为物理和化学多个学科的强大平台。与此同时，一个巨大的挑战存在于分子的损失如何取决于量子多体环境。本文综述了近年来超冷分子损耗研究的实验和理论进展。由于处理孤立分子对的传统理论方案不再适用于最近实验中已经达到的量子简并状态，因此建立了两体损失和多体关联之间普遍关系的替代框架。不管从温度和粒子数到相互作用强度的微观参数如何，这些普遍关系总是成立的。这种方法揭示了多体系统复杂损失过程背后的简单普遍性，为物理学家和化学家提供了探索超冷分子的新工具。
Recent experimental developments have allowed physicists to freeze molecules' motion down to an ultracold temperature regime where quantum effects become profound. Furthermore, each molecule can be precisely prepared at chosen internal states and the mutual interactions between molecules are also highly tunable. As such, ultracold molecules have emerged as a powerful platform in multiple disciplines across physics and chemistry. Meanwhile, a grand challenge exists as to how losses of molecules depend on a quantum many‐body environment. In this article, the recent experimental and theoretical progress of exploring losses of ultracold molecules is reviewed. Since the conventional theoretical scheme of treating isolated pairs of molecules is no longer applicable to the quantum degenerate regime that has been reached in recent experiments, an alternative framework of universal relations between two‐body losses and many‐body correlations has been established. Regardless of microscopic parameters ranging from the temperature and the particle number to the interaction strength, these universal relations always hold. This approach unfolds a simple universality behind complex loss processes of many‐body systems and provides physicists and chemists with a new tool to explore ultracold molecules.