X-RAY STUDY OF THE CAT HINDLIMB DURING TREADMILL LOCOMOTION
X-RAY STUDY OF THE CAT HINDLIMB DURING TREADMILL LOCOMOTION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00617.x
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发表时间：
1994-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
WEINHARDT, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KUHTZBUSCHBECK, JP;BOCZEKFUNCKE, A;WEINHARDT, C
通过脉冲 X 射线电影摄影，我们分析了猫在跑步机上行走时远端后肢关节（近指间关节，PIP；跖趾关节，MTP；踝关节）的角度偏移。这些远端关节将体重和动态力传递到地面上。我们在分析中包括了膝关节和髋关节，以关联近端关节和远端关节的角度偏移，并验证先前使用外部标记获得的近端关节运动学数据。在站立阶段开始时，PIP关节快速弯曲，MTP关节缓慢伸展，踝关节和膝关节在体重作用下屈服。 PIP 关节在整个站立阶段保持大约 75 度的相当恒定的角度位置，而 MTP 关节则继续伸展，从接地时的大约 230 度到站立阶段结束时的大约 270 度。起飞前约 50 毫秒，MTP 关节快速弯曲。在离地后的早期（大约 30 毫秒），这种屈曲变成了缓慢的伸展。 PIP 关节在站立-摆动过渡时迅速伸展，在摆动阶段结束时适度伸展。在摆动阶段的中间部分，它们缓慢弯曲。围绕脚长轴的小旋转运动发生在摆动阶段的最后 100 毫秒。这项关于远端关节的研究结果讨论了爪子的放置、向前推进力转化为 MTP 运动以及爪子的抬起（通常描述为脚趾卷曲）的关系。它们显示了在这些不同阶段不同远端肢体关节之间有差异的机械相互作用，必须详细了解这些相互作用才能解释相应的肌电图数据并了解髋部如何在站立期间作为最终枢轴的 MTP 关节上向前移动。
With pulsed X-ray cinematography we have analysed the angular excursions of the distal hindlimb joints (proximal interphalangeal, PIP; metatarsophalangeal, MTP; ankle) in cats walking on a treadmill. These distal joints transmit the body weight and the dynamic forces onto the ground. We have included the knee and hip joints in the analysis to relate the angular excursions of the proximal and distal joints and to verify the data previously obtained with external markers on the kinematics of the proximal joints. At the beginning of the stance phase the PIP joints flexed rapidly, the MTP joints extended slowly and the ankle and knee yielded under body weight. Whereas the PIP joints maintained a rather constant angular position of similar to 75 degrees throughout the stance phase, extension continued in the MTP joints from similar to 230 degrees at touch-down to similar to 270 degrees at the end of the stance phase. Around 50 ms before lift-off the MTP joints flexed rapidly. Early (similar to 30 ms) after lift-off this flexion changed into a slow extension. The PIP joints extended swiftly at the stance-swing transition and moderately at the end df the swing phase. During the middle part of the swing phase they flexed slowly. Small rotatory movements around the long axis of the foot took place in the last 100 ms of the swing phase. The results of this study on the distal joints are discussed in relation to the placing of the paw, to the translation of forward propulsion into a MTP movement and to the lifting of the paw (conventionally described as toe curling). They show a differentiated mechanical interaction between the different distal limb joints during these different phases, which must be known in detail to interpret the corresponding electromyographic data and to understand how the hip is moved forward over the MTP joints which serve as the final pivot during stance.