Community-dependent foraging habits of flower visitors: cascading indirect interactions among five bumble bee species
Community-dependent foraging habits of flower visitors: cascading indirect interactions among five bumble bee species
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DOI：
10.1007/s11284-013-1051-z
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ishii, Hiroshi S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ishii, Hiroshi S.
尽管花访花者种间相互作用的普遍性和重要性，但很少有研究考察其对群落背景下访花者物种实现取食生态位的影响。为了评估赏花者之间的相互作用对整个群落的影响，我研究了赏花者群落组成不同的几个地点，每个赏花者物种的花卉利用模式的变化。具体来说，我比较了日本北海道岛由红三叶草和白三叶草组成的花丛中5种大黄蜂的花偏好和觅食习性（合法觅食vs初级蜜掠夺vs次生蜜掠夺）。考察了各花种的花蜜产量和常熟作物，评价了以花蜜为基础的开发竞争。不同地点的大黄蜂对花的利用模式不同。在长舌舌香蜂（Bombus diversus tersatus）常见、外来短舌香蜂（b.s terrestris）罕见的地点，长舌香蜂只啄食红三叶草（长管花），而中舌香蜂（b.s pseudobaicalensis）、短舌香蜂(b.s伪善（b.s伪善）sapporoensis和短舌香蜂（b.s hypnorum koropokkrus）则优先啄食白三叶草（短管花）。相反，在长舌蜂稀少的地点，其他四种物种经常以不同的方式访问红三叶草：假黄芩B.合法访问，伪君子B.伪君子B. sapporoensis和B. terrestris作为初级花蜜掠夺者访问，B. hypnorum koropokkrus作为次级花蜜掠夺者访问。这些差异的主要生态来源是长舌种资源开发的存在与否以及初级和次级花蜜掠夺者通过抢夺孔洞的相互作用。访花者相互作用的多样性在植物与访花者相互作用格局的形成中起着重要作用。
Despite the ubiquity and the importance of interspecific interactions among flower visitors, few studies have examined their effects on the realized feeding niches of visitor species in a community context. To evaluate the community-wide effects of interactions among flower visitors, I have examined changes in the flower utilization patterns of each visitor species at several sites where the component of the visitor's community differed. Specifically, I compared the flower preferences and foraging habits (legitimate foraging vs. primary nectar robbing vs. secondary nectar robbing) of five bumble bee species in flower patches consisting of Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) and T. repens L. (white clover) on Hokkaido Island, Japan. I also examined the nectar production and standing crops of each flower species to evaluate the exploitation competition based on nectar. The bumble bee species exhibited different flower utilization patterns among sites. At sites where the long-tongued Bombus diversus tersatus was common and the exotic short-tongued B. terrestris was rare, B. diversus tersatus visited red clover (long-tubed flowers) exclusively, whereas medium-tongued B. pseudobaicalensis and short-tongued B. hypocrita sapporoensis and B. hypnorum koropokkrus preferentially visited white clover (short-tubed flowers). Conversely, at sites where the long-tongued bee was rare, four other species frequently visited red clover in different modes: B. pseudobaicalensis visited legitimately, B. hypocrita sapporoensis and B. terrestris visited as primary nectar robbers, and B. hypnorum koropokkrus visited as a secondary nectar robber. The presence or absence of resource exploitation by the long-tongued species and the interaction between primary and secondary nectar robbers via robbing holes was the major ecological sources of these differences. Diverse effects of interactions among flower visitors played important roles in shaping pattern of plant and flower visitor interactions.