Evolutionary ecology of microbial wars: within-host competition and (incidental) virulence.

Evolutionary ecology of microbial wars: within-host competition and (incidental) virulence.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00059.x
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发表时间:
2009-02
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Taddei F
Taddei F
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brown SP;Fredrik Inglis R;Taddei F

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入侵一个被占领的生态位是一个巨大的生态挑战,在食源性微生物病原体的背景下,这对人类特别重要。我们讨论了不同类别的入侵者引发的环境变化,通过清空竞争对手的利基来促进入侵。有证据表明,肠道细菌使用这样的策略来操纵他们的环境(通过细菌素,温和的噬菌体病毒或免疫操纵)在其竞争对手的费用进行审查。在多种共感染菌株中,微生物战可能的毒力影响是多种多样的。杀死竞争者可以通过降低总体微生物密度来降低毒力,或者如果例如化感作用机制涉及免疫操纵,则可以增加毒力。最后,我们把微生物的反竞争策略的社会进化框架,强调如何昂贵的反竞争策略可以被理解为微生物的怨恨的例子。最后,我们讨论了其他入侵物种,也开发了这种积极的入侵策略。
Invading an occupied niche is a formidable ecological challenge, and one of particular human importance in the context of food-borne microbial pathogens. We discuss distinct categories of invader-triggered environmental change that facilitate invasion by emptying their niche of competitors. Evidence is reviewed that gut bacteria use such strategies to manipulate their environment (via bacteriocins, temperate phage viruses or immuno-manipulation) at the expense of their competitors are reviewed. The possible virulence implications of microbial warfare among multiple co-infecting strains are diverse. Killing competitors can reduce virulence by reducing overall microbial densities, or increase virulence if for example the allelopathic mechanism involves immuno-manipulation. Finally, we place microbial anti-competitor strategies in a social evolution framework, highlighting how costly anti-competitor strategies can be understood as examples of microbial spite. We conclude by discussing other invasive species that have also developed such proactive strategies of invasion.
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