Takeda Yu's Nihon no Gensiryoku Gaiko [Japan’s nuclear diplomacy: a resource-poor country’s 70 years of struggle]
Takeda Yu's Nihon no Gensiryoku Gaiko [Japan’s nuclear diplomacy: a resource-poor country’s 70 years of struggle]
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武田裕的《日本的核外交：一个资源贫乏国家的70年奋斗》
DOI：
10.1080/24761028.2019.1675236
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tanaka Shingo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ito Gaku;Hinkkainen Elliott Kaisa;加藤雅俊;神田豊隆;桐谷多恵子;伊藤岳・山影進;Tanaka Shingo
武田教授的新书的目的是描述日本和平利用核能的历史。尽管自福岛核电站熔毁以来，还出版了许多具有相同目标的其他书籍，但他的书之所以与众不同，是因为他的书有两个视角：对日本外交的关注，以及不仅涵盖和平利用历史，而且涵盖裁军和不扩散核武器等相关历史的全面性。在日本，这一领域最重要的著作是吉冈的著作1。由于吉冈的主要关注点是了解日本国内发展核能的结构，武田的书是这一领域的另一个支柱。在引言中，武田简要介绍了核能发现的历史，并解释了核反应堆和核材料等技术术语。有了这些解释，即使是不熟悉和平利用主题的读者也可以毫不费力地阅读这本书。第一章概述了截至1954年的日本核能历史，包括吉龙事件的巨大影响。这一事件使日本三次成为核武器的受害者，日本公民开始对核能本身感到焦虑。日本国会议员，如未来的日本首相中曾根康弘，计划通过与美国的合作来压倒这些负面态度。这一想法导致1955年达成了一项关于核能初步研究的双边协议，并在1958年将该协议扩大到运营一个核电反应堆。正如武田指出的那样，该协议确立了日本发展核能、引进先进技术、急于成为和平利用大国的原则。在第二章中，武田描述了1960年法国的核试验和1964年的中国核试验使美国越来越担心核武器的扩散。因此，日本被迫考虑是否应参加《不扩散核武器条约》(不扩散条约)。武田认为，日本在1970年最终决定成为原始签署国，原因有几个。首先，日本成功地加入了每5年举行一次审议会议的条款。其次，日本还成功地修改了1958年的双边协定，使日本能够进口更多的核燃料。第三，美国向日本保证所谓的“核保护伞”。第3章的前半部分介绍了日本批准《不扩散条约》的进程。武田说，在澄清了《不扩散核武器条约》所要求的保障程序不会成为和平利用该条约的障碍后，日本政府于1976年决定批准该条约。此外，武田还提到，即使是日本核动力舰船“Mutsu”事件，导致一些日本民众发起反对核电站的公众运动，日本也从未改变成为和平利用大国的目标。为了追求这一目标，日本寻求与其他国家的合作。这位评论家非常感兴趣的是，尽管日本试图寻找另一个浓缩铀供应国而激怒了美国，但日本成功地与欧洲国家合作，计划对用过的燃料进行再加工。本章后半部分指出，1974年印度的试验加剧了美国对核扩散的担忧，美国开始建立出口管制制度。武田提到，日本被允许作为供应国集团加入这一制度
The objective of Prof. Takeda’s new book is to describe the history of the Japanese peaceful use of nuclear energy. Although many other books with the same objective have been published since the meltdown of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, his book is distinctive because of two perspectives; the focus on Japanese diplomacy and comprehensiveness covering not only the history of peaceful use but the related history such as disarmament and non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. In Japan, the most important book in this field has been Yoshioka’s work 1. As the main focus of Yoshioka was understanding the Japanese domestic structure for developing of nuclear energy, Takeda’s book is another pillar of this field. In the introduction, Takeda gives a brief history of the discovery of nuclear energy and explains technical terms such as nuclear reactors and nuclear materials. With these explanations, even readers who are not familiar with the topic of peaceful use can read this book without difficulty.Chapter 1 outlines the Japanese history related to nuclear energy up to 1954, including the massive impact of the Lucky Dragon incident. This incident made Japan a three-time victim of nuclear weapons, and Japanese citizens began to feel anxious about nuclear energy itself. Japanese congressmen such as Yasuhiro Nakasone, future Japanese prime minister, planned to overwhelm those negative attitudes through cooperation with the US This idea resulted in a bilateral agreement to the preliminary research of nuclear energy in 1955, and this agreement was expanded to operate a nuclear power reactor in 1958. As Takeda points out, this agreement established Japanese principles for developing nuclear energy; importing advanced technology and rushing for being a major state of peaceful use. In chapter 2, Takeda describes that the French nuclear experiments in 1960 and the Chinese experiments in 1964 made the US increasingly concern about the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Thus, Japan was forced to consider whether Japan should participate in the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Takeda suggests that Japan finally decided to be an original signatory for several reasons in 1970. First, Japan succeeded in inserting a provision about holding review conferences every 5 years. Second, Japan also succeeded to revise the bilateral agreement of 1958 to enable Japan to import more nuclear fuel. Third, the US assured Japan about a so-called “nuclear umbrella.” The first half of chapter 3 covers the Japanese process of NPT ratification. According to Takeda, after clarifying a safeguarding procedure required by the NPT would not be an obstacle for the peaceful use, the Japanese government decided to ratify the NPT in 1976. In addition, Takeda mentions that even by the incident of the Japanese nuclear-powered ship “Mutsu,” which led some Japanese people to establish public movements against nuclear power plants, Japan never changed its goal of becoming a major state of peaceful use. In pursuit of this goal, Japan sought cooperation with other countries. It is very interesting to the reviewer that while Japan made the US angry by trying to find another supplier of enriched uranium, Japan succeeded in cooperating with European states in plans for the reprocessing of used fuel. The second half of this chapter notes that India’s experiment in 1974 intensified the US concern about the proliferation, and the US began to establish an export control regime. Takeda mentions that Japan was allowed to join this regime as a supplier group