Neural Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity: Observations From Functional Neuroimaging Studies
Neural Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity: Observations From Functional Neuroimaging Studies
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721417698800
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发表时间：
2017-08
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
T. Minamoto;H. Tsubomi;N. Osaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Minamoto;H. Tsubomi;N. Osaka
工作记忆容量（WMC）是个体执行性注意控制能力的表征，被认为是一般流体智力的重要组成部分。WMC的个体差异被归因于外侧前额叶皮质（LPFC）的功能，然而，它仍然不太清楚LPFC如何有助于WMC的个体差异。参考功能神经影像学研究，我们认为三种可能的神经机制。首先，更大的任务相关活动的lPFC预测更高的WMC跨任务。其次，一个特定的任务相关的功能连接也预测更高的WMC。LPFC始终形成连接的一部分，而耦合区域根据任务而变化。因此，WMC不是由固定的而是由LPFC调节的灵活连接来反映的。第三，即使在静息状态下，独特的内在连接也是WMC个体差异的原因，LPFC位于网络中的关键枢纽。这三个神经机制差异有助于WMC，因此，补充解释WMC的个体差异。
Working memory capacity (WMC) indicates an individual’s capability of executive attentional control, which is thought to be critical for general fluid intelligence. Individual variability in WMC has been attributed to the function of the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC); however, it is still less clear how the lPFC contributes to individual differences in WMC. Referring to functional neuroimaging studies, we consider three possible neural mechanisms. First, greater task-related activity of the lPFC predicts higher WMC across tasks. Second, a specific task-related functional connectivity also predicts higher WMC. The lPFC consistently forms a part of the connectivity while the coupled region varies depending on tasks. Thus, WMC is reflected by not a fixed but flexible connectivity regulated by the lPFC. Third, distinctive intrinsic connectivity even during resting state is also responsible for individual differences in WMC, with the lPFC seated at a critical hub within the network. These three neural mechanisms differentially contribute to WMC, and therefore, complementarily explain individual differences in WMC.