On the Efficiency of Connection Charges—Part II: Integration of Distributed Energy Resources
On the Efficiency of Connection Charges—Part II: Integration of Distributed Energy Resources
复制标题
论接驳收费效率——第二部分：分布式能源整合
DOI：
10.1109/tpwrs.2017.2782791
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
L. Tong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daniel Muñoz;Juan F. García;L. Tong
这两部分的文件解决了分布式能源（DER）的分销系统的零售电价的设计。第一部分提出了一个框架，以优化事前两部分关税的监管零售商谁面临随机批发价格一方面和随机需求的其他。在第二部分中，通过分析DERs对最优两部分关税和诱发福利收益的影响来解决DERs的整合问题。两个DER集成模型被认为是：一个分散的模型，涉及背后的米DER和一个集中的模型与零售商集成DER。结果表明，在任何一种模式下集成的DERs可以实现相同的社会福利，净计量是最优的。两种型号的零售价相同，反映了预期的批发价。连接费用各不相同，并受零售商的固定成本和批发价格与电表后DER之间的统计依赖性的影响。这些费用在分散模式下更高。实证分析估计DER对福利分配和交叉补贴的影响。它表明，在现行的净计量电价下，消费者福利随着DER整合水平的下降而下降。交叉补贴和分散一体化的实际缺点的问题也进行了讨论。
This two-part paper addresses the design of retail electricity tariffs for distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DERs). Part I presents a framework to optimize ex-ante two-part tariffs for a regulated retailer who faces stochastic wholesale prices on the one hand and stochastic demand on the other. In part II, the integration of DERs is addressed by analyzing their effect on the optimal two-part tariff and the induced welfare gains. Two DER integration models are considered: a decentralized model involving behind-the-meter DERs and a centralized model with retailer-integrated DERs. It is shown that DERs integrated under either model can achieve the same social welfare and that net metering is optimal. The retail prices for both models are equal and reflect the expected wholesale prices. The connection charges differ and are affected by the retailer's fixed costs and the statistical dependencies between wholesale prices and behind-the-meter DERs. These charges are higher under the decentralized model. An empirical analysis is presented to estimate the impact of DER on welfare distribution and cross-subsidies. It shows that, with the prevailing net-metering tariffs, consumer welfare decreases with the level of DER integration. Issues of cross-subsidy and practical drawbacks of decentralized integration are also discussed.