Experimental infection of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas spat by ostreid herpesvirus 1: demonstration of oyster spat susceptibility.
Experimental infection of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas spat by ostreid herpesvirus 1: demonstration of oyster spat susceptibility.
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DOI：
10.1186/1297-9716-42-27
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发表时间：
2011-02-07
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Pépin JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schikorski D;Renault T;Saulnier D;Faury N;Moreau P;Pépin JF
2008年和2009年，法国太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）发生急性死亡。不同的假设，包括环境因素，有毒藻类和/或病原体的影响进行了探讨。诊断试验表明，OsHV-1在绝大多数样品中均能检出，其中OsHV-1 μVar基因型在濒死牡蛎中的检出率最高，透射电镜下可见类似疱疹病毒的颗粒。在这项研究中，开发了在实验室条件下再现OsHV-1感染的实验方案。该方案基于肌肉注射从2008年死亡爆发期间在法国海岸收集的天然OsHV-1感染的贝苗制备的过滤（0.22 μm）组织匀浆。实验结果表明，注射后引起死亡。此外，过滤的组织匀浆诱导死亡，而相同的组织匀浆暴露于紫外线（UV）处理没有诱导任何死亡，这表明牡蛎苗死亡需要存在的UV敏感剂。此外，通过实时定量PCR分析注射的牡蛎苗揭示了高量的OsHV-1 DNA的检测。最后，TEM分析证实了疱疹病毒颗粒的存在。所开发的方案允许保持感染性病毒的来源，这可以用于开发关于OsHV-1感染的传播和发展的进一步研究。
In 2008 and 2009, acute mortalities occurred in France among Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas, spat. Different hypothesis including the implication of environmental factors, toxic algae and/or pathogens have been explored. Diagnostic tests indicated that OsHV-1 including a particular genotype, termed OsHV-1 μVar, was detected in most of samples and especially in moribund oysters with the highlighting of virus particles looking like herpes viruses by TEM examination. In this study, an experimental protocol to reproduce OsHV-1 infection in laboratory conditions was developed. This protocol was based on the intramuscular injection of filtered (0.22 μm) tissue homogenates prepared from naturally OsHV-1 infected spat collected on French coasts during mortality outbreaks in 2008. Results of the experimental trials showed that mortalities were induced after injection. Moreover, filtered tissue homogenates induced mortalities whereas the same tissue homogenates exposed to an ultraviolet (UV) treatment did not induce any mortality suggesting that oyster spat mortalities require the presence of a UV sensitive agent. Furthermore, analysis of injected oyster spat revealed the detection of high amounts of OsHV-1 DNA by real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, TEM analysis demonstrated the presence of herpes virus particles. The developed protocol allowed to maintain sources of infective virus which can be useful for the development of further studies concerning the transmission and the development of OsHV-1 infection.
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