Tree Biomechanics with Special Reference to Tropical Trees
Tree Biomechanics with Special Reference to Tropical Trees
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特别参考热带树木的树木生物力学
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-27422-5_19
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
K. Niklas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Niklas
所有的结构，无论是工程还是自然的，都必须遵循相同的物理定律和过程。树木特别容易受到这些规律和过程的影响，因为它们是主要由木材组成的结构，它们的生命开始和结束于同一地点，这可能会经历非生物和生物条件的巨大变化（例如，降雨量和真菌负荷分别）。通过介绍和讨论几个方程，对树木的生物力学行为进行了综述，特别强调了风对树枝、树干和根系的影响。由于篇幅有限，无法对这些方程进行详细的讨论。因此，列出了一些基本参考资料，以提供必要的细节。重要的一点是，与工程物体和处理它们的工程理论不同，树木是生长的生物实体，违反了工程理论的许多假设。因此，这里提出的方程仅提供了树木如何响应静态（自身）和动态（风）载荷的一阶近似值。因此，理解这些方程的局限性是处理树木生物力学行为的关键第一课，无论它们生长在热带、温带还是沙漠条件下。归根结底，每一棵树最终都会失败。挑战在于预测何时以及如何进行。
All structures, whether engineered or natural, must obey the same physical laws and processes. Trees are particularly susceptible to these laws and processes because they are structures, composed mostly of wood, that begin and end their lives in the same location, which can experience dramatic changes in abiotic and biotic conditions (e.g., rainfall and epiphyte loads, respectively). The biomechanical behavior of trees is reviewed by presenting and discussing a few equations, with a particular emphasis on the effects of wind on branches, trunks, and roots. Limited space precludes a detailed review of these equations. Therefore, some basic references are listed to provide the necessary details. An important point is that unlike engineered objects and the engineering theory that deals with them, trees are growing biological entities that violate many of the assumptions of engineering theory. Consequently, the equations presented here provide only a first order approximation of how trees will respond to static (self) and dynamic (wind) loadings. Understanding the limits of these equations, therefore, is a critical first lesson in dealing with the biomechanical behavior of trees, regardless of whether they grow in tropical, temperate, or desert conditions. In the final analysis, every tree will ultimately fail. The challenge is to anticipate when and how.