Did Human Culture Emerge in a Cultural Evolutionary Transition in Individuality?
Did Human Culture Emerge in a Cultural Evolutionary Transition in Individuality?
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DOI：
10.1007/s13752-021-00382-x
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发表时间：
2021-12-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kuhn, Steven L.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Davison, Dinah R.;Andersson, Claes;Kuhn, Steven L.
个体的进化转变（ETI）是自然历史中选择和个体水平的主要转变，例如原核和真核细胞，多细胞生物和真社会昆虫的起源。因此，随着个体群体不断进化成新的、更复杂的个体，生命的综合等级组织就出现了。社会原细胞假说（SPH）提出，人类文化的综合等级组织也可以被理解为一个ETI的结果-一个从社会学习的传统，包含在不断增长和分裂的社会社区的基板产生了一个“文化有机体”（“sociont”）。SPH预测，在2.0-2.5 Mya时，进化个体性的阈值程度已经达到，随着ETI的展开，进化个体性的程度逐渐增加。在这里，我们评估SPH的应用电池的标准开发，以评估在生物单位的进化个性的文化单位在整个人类的进化历史。我们发现越来越多的人同意这些标准，这支持了ETI发生在文化领域的说法。
Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality (ETI) have been responsible for the major transitions in levels of selection and individuality in natural history, such as the origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms, and eusocial insects. The integrated hierarchical organization of life thereby emerged as groups of individuals repeatedly evolved into new and more complex kinds of individuals. The Social Protocell Hypothesis (SPH) proposes that the integrated hierarchical organization of human culture can also be understood as the outcome of an ETI-one that produced a "cultural organism" (a "sociont") from a substrate of socially learned traditions that were contained in growing and dividing social communities. The SPH predicts that a threshold degree of evolutionary individuality would have been achieved by 2.0-2.5 Mya, followed by an increasing degree of evolutionary individuality as the ETI unfolded. We here assess the SPH by applying a battery of criteria-developed to assess evolutionary individuality in biological units-to cultural units across the evolutionary history of Homo. We find an increasing agreement with these criteria, which buttresses the claim that an ETI occurred in the cultural realm.