The transport of minor atmospheric constituents between troposphere and stratosphere
The transport of minor atmospheric constituents between troposphere and stratosphere
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对流层和平流层之间微量大气成分的传输
DOI：
10.1002/qj.49710644802
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
G. D. Robinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. D. Robinson
对对流层上部和平流层下部空气中水汽含量的测量进行了综述。对这些测量结果的解读表明，通过任何尺度的过程，空气穿过约100毫巴压力层的显著向上运动仅发生在赤道纬度地区，但向上传输的机制尚不确定。这意味着在此高度以下排放到大气中的污染物只有通过赤道对流层顶并经过降水云之后才能到达平流层上部。通过这一高度的最小半球质量交换约为每年10¹⁷千克。几种自然或人为引入到表层或高层平流层的微量大气成分的质量平衡表明与这种最小质量交换是相符的。
Measurements of the water vapour content of air in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are reviewed. They are interpreted to indicate that significant upward movement of air through a pressure level of about 100 mb, by processes of any scale, occurs only in equatorial latitudes, but they leave uncertain the mechanism of the upward transfer. This implies that contaminants emitted into the atmosphere below this level can reach the upper stratosphere only by way of the equatorial tropopause and after passage through precipitating cloud. The minimum hemispheric exchange of mass through this level is about 1017kg per year. The mass balance of several minor atmospheric constituents, naturally or artificially introduced in the surface layers or in the high stratosphere, is shown to be consistent with this minimum mass exchange.