Changes in depressive symptoms over age among older Americans: Differences by gender, race/ethnicity, education, and birth cohort
Changes in depressive symptoms over age among older Americans: Differences by gender, race/ethnicity, education, and birth cohort
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100399
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Mehta, Neil K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abrams, Leah R.;Mehta, Neil K.
尽管人们对美国老年人的健康和功能的最新趋势感到担忧，但人们对最近美国老年人群体中抑郁症的动态以及这些动态在社会人口群体中的差异知之甚少。这项研究考察了随着年龄的增长，中年和晚年抑郁症状的社会人口学差异，以及随着时间的变化。使用来自健康和退休研究（1994-2014）的全国代表性数据，我们估计了混合效应模型，以在33，280名51-90岁的成年人中按性别，种族/民族，教育和出生队列产生抑郁症状。使用流行病学研究中心的8项抑郁量表测量抑郁症状。与男性相比，女性，与高教育群体相比，低教育群体，与白人相比，种族/少数民族表现出更高的抑郁症状。最大的差异来自教育，那些没有高中学历的人在中年时比那些有大学学历的人多表现出两种以上的预测抑郁症状。重要的是，战争婴儿和婴儿潮一代（出生于1942-1959年）在51-65岁时表现出比他们的前辈（出生于1931-1941年）略高的抑郁症状，随着年龄的增长，症状也会减少。我们还观察到一个按性别划分的年龄均衡模式，即女性与男性相比，在51-85岁之间有更高的抑郁症，但在86-90岁之间没有。我们的研究结果对衡量老龄化人口的整体福祉，旨在减少健康差距的公共卫生政策，以及预测对一系列健康和社会服务的需求具有重要意义。
Despite concerns about recent trends in the health and functioning of older Americans, little is known about dynamics of depression among recent cohorts of U.S. older adults and how these dynamics differ across sociodemographic groups. This study examined sociodemographic differences in mid- and late-life depressive symptoms over age, as well as changes over time. Using nationally representative data from the Health and Retirement Study (1994-2014), we estimated mixed effects models to generate depressive symptoms over age by gender, race/ethnicity, education, and birth cohort in 33,280 adults ages 51-90 years. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Women compared to men, low compared to high education groups, and racial/ethnic minorities compared to whites exhibited higher depressive symptoms. The largest disparity resulted from education, with those without high school degrees exhibiting over two more predicted depressive symptoms in midlife compared to those with college degrees. Importantly, war babies and baby boomers (born 1942-1959) exhibited slightly higher depressive symptoms with more decreasing symptoms over age than their predecessors (born 1931-1941) at ages 51-65. We additionally observed an age-as-leveler pattern by gender, whereby females compared to males had higher depressive symptomology from ages 51-85, but not at ages 86-90. Our findings have implication for gauging the aging population's overall well-being, for public health policies aimed at reducing health disparities, and for anticipating demand on an array of health and social services.