Bleach Emissions Interact Substantially with Surgical and KN95 Mask Surfaces
Bleach Emissions Interact Substantially with Surgical and KN95 Mask Surfaces
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漂白剂排放物与手术口罩和 KN95 口罩表面发生显着相互作用
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.2c07937
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Hildebrandt Ruiz, Lea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bhattacharyya, Nirvan;Tang, Mengjia;Blomdahl, Daniel C.;Jahn, Leif G.;Abue, Pearl;Allen, David T.;Corsi, Richard L.;Novoselac, Atila;Misztal, Pawel K.;Hildebrandt Ruiz, Lea
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，佩戴口罩和使用漂白剂消毒剂变得司空见惯。漂白剂会产生有毒物质，包括次氯酸 (HOCl)、氯 (Cl2) 和氯胺。它们与有机物质的反应会产生额外的有毒化合物。为了了解口罩和漂白剂消毒之间的相互作用，将漂白剂注入一个通风室中，其中包含一个带有呼吸系统并佩戴外科口罩或 KN95 口罩的人体模型。通过化学电离质谱仪 (CIMS) 和 Vocus 质子转移反应质谱仪 (Vocus PTRMS) 测量室内和掩模后面的浓度。在消毒过程中观察到 HOCl、Cl2 和氯胺，并且由于面罩表面的损失，室内的浓度比面罩后面的浓度高 2-20 倍。注射漂白剂后，许多物质在面罩后面解吸或形成时，其腐烂速度减慢 0.5-0.7 倍。传质模型证实了面罩从消毒期间的水槽到消毒后持续>4小时的源的转变。加湿面罩会增加氯胺的反应性形成，这可能与氨和次氯酸的吸收有关。这些实验表明，口罩是清洁事件发生后化学暴露的一个来源。
Mask wearing and bleach disinfectants became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bleach generates toxic species including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chlorine (Cl2), and chloramines. Their reaction with organic species can generate additional toxic compounds. To understand interactions between masks and bleach disinfection, bleach was injected into a ventilated chamber containing a manikin with a breathing system and wearing a surgical or KN95 mask. Concentrations inside the chamber and behind the mask were measured by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and a Vocus proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (Vocus PTRMS). HOCl, Cl2, and chloramines were observed during disinfection and concentrations inside the chamber are 2–20 times greater than those behind the mask, driven by losses to the mask surface. After bleach injection, many species decay more slowly behind the mask by a factor of 0.5–0.7 as they desorb or form on the mask. Mass transfer modeling confirms the transition of the mask from a sink during disinfection to a source persisting >4 h after disinfection. Humidifying the mask increases reactive formation of chloramines, likely related to uptake of ammonia and HOCl. These experiments indicate that masks are a source of chemical exposure after cleaning events occur.