Contact between Native North Americans and the Medieval Norse: A Review of the Evidence
Contact between Native North Americans and the Medieval Norse: A Review of the Evidence
复制标题
北美原住民与中世纪挪威人之间的接触：证据回顾
作者：
R. McGhee
本文回顾了与公元二千年早期挪威人在新世界活动有关的历史和考古证据，以及与当时挪威人可能到达的地区的土著占领有关的考古证据。北欧人可能接触了拉布拉多南部和纽芬兰的印第安人、拉布拉多北部的多塞特帕莱俄斯基摩人以及格陵兰岛的图勒爱斯基摩人，或许还有加拿大东部的北极地区。对挪威人和这些群体之间关系的性质进行了推测，得出的结论是，涉及贸易和掠夺的偶尔接触可能发生在几个世纪的时间里。没有证据表明这些接触对北美原住民有任何重大影响，而且有人认为这种影响不太可能发生。这些群体之间的接触最重要的结果是阻止了欧洲人对新世界的殖民统治长达半个世纪。
Historical and archaeological evidence relating to Norse activities in the New World early in the second millennium A.D. is reviewed, together with archaeological evidence relating to contemporaneous aboriginal occupations of the regions probably reached by the Norse. The Norse probably contacted Indian populations in southern Labrador and Newfoundland, Dorset Palaeoeskimos in northern Labrador, and Thule Eskimos in Greenland and perhaps in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Speculation on the nature of relationsips between the Norse and these groups is presented, and it is concluded that occasional contacts involving both trade and plundering probably occurred over a period of several centuries. There is no evidence to indicate that these contacts had any major influence on aboriginal North American populations, and it is argued that such influences are unlikely to have occurred. The most important result of contact between these groups was the prevention of European colonization of the New World for half a millennium.