THE ROLE OF MEMORY BIASES IN STEREOTYPE MAINTENANCE
THE ROLE OF MEMORY BIASES IN STEREOTYPE MAINTENANCE
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01029.x
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发表时间：
1994-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
STANGOR, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FYOCK, J;STANGOR, C
人们经常提出，刻板印象是自我维持的，至少在一定程度上是因为人们倾向于更好地记住关于社会群体的预期确认(而不是预期不确认)信息。这种记忆偏差被认为是因为刻板印象一致的行为和特征更容易与记忆中的社会群体标签联系在一起，因此当想到群体或群体成员时，更容易从记忆中激活。对26个研究对描述现有社会群体成员的信息的记忆的实验结果进行了元分析，以评估这一假设的有效性。正如预测的那样，这项分析揭示了自由回忆记忆和不受猜测控制的再认记忆测量的总体一致性效应。对相关调节变量的分析表明，这些影响是由于预期一致(与不一致)信息和群体标签之间更强烈的心理联系所致。研究结果对刻板印象的维持和刻板印象过程的影响进行了讨论。
It has frequently been proposed that stereotypes are self-maintaining at least in part because people tend to better remember expectancy-confirming (versus expectancy-disconfirming) information about social groups. This memory bias is assumed to occur because stereotype-consistent behaviours and traits are more easily associated with the social group label in memory, and thus are more readily activated from memory when thinking about the group or about group members. The results of 26 experiments that studied memory for information describing members of existing social groups were meta-analytically investigated to assess the validity of this hypothesis. As predicted, this analysis revealed an overall consistency effect for both free recall memory and for recognition memory measures that were not controlled for guessing. Analysis of relevant moderating variables suggested that these effects were due to more strongly developed mental associations between expectancy-consistent (versus -inconsistent) information and the group label. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for stereotype maintenance, and for the process of stereotyping.