Eye movement statistics in humans are consistent with an optimal search strategy
Eye movement statistics in humans are consistent with an optimal search strategy
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DOI：
10.1167/8.3.4
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Geisler, Wilson S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Najemnik, Jiri;Geisler, Wilson S.
大多数视觉搜索模型都基于人类选择包含与目标特征最匹配的特征的注视位置的直觉。这种基于特征的策略的最佳版本就是我们所说的“最大后验（MAP）搜索”。或者，人类可以选择能够最大限度地获取目标位置信息的注视点。我们将这种基于信息的策略称为“理想搜索”。在这里，我们比较了人类、MAP 和理想搜索者在任务中的眼球运动，其中已知目标嵌入在具有自然场景光谱特征的随机背景中的未知位置。我们发现，人类和理想搜索者都优先注视圆形搜索区域中心周围的环形区域中的位置，顶部和底部的注视密度较高，而 MAP 搜索者的注视分布更均匀，顶部和底部的注视密度较低。我们的结果证明了一种复杂的搜索机制，可以最大限度地利用不同注视点收集的信息。
Most models of visual search are based on the intuition that humans choose fixation locations containing features that best match the features of the target. The optimal version of this feature-based strategy is what we term "maximum a posteriori (MAP) search." Alternatively, humans could choose fixations that maximize information gained about the target's location. We term this information-based strategy "ideal search." Here we compare eye movements of human, MAP, and ideal searchers in tasks where known targets are embedded at unknown locations within random backgrounds having the spectral characteristics of natural scenes. We find that both human and ideal searchers preferentially fixate locations in a donut-shaped region around the center of the circular search area, with a high density of fixations at top and bottom, while MAP searchers distribute their fixations more uniformly, with low density at top and bottom. Our results argue for a sophisticated search mechanism that maximizes the information collected across fixations.