Melanopsin cells are the principal conduits for rod-cone input to non-image-forming vision
Melanopsin cells are the principal conduits for rod-cone input to non-image-forming vision
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DOI：
10.1038/nature06829
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Hattar, Samer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gueler, Ali D.;Ecker, Jennifer L.;Hattar, Samer
杆状和锥状光感受器探测光，并通过视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）的多突触通路将信息传递到大脑(1)。这些视网膜输出不仅支持模式视觉，还支持非图像形成（NIF）功能，包括昼夜节律光干扰和瞳孔光反射（PLR）。在哺乳动物中，NIF功能是由视杆细胞、视锥细胞和含有黑视素的内在光敏视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGCs）介导的（2,3）。视杆锥光感受器和iprgc在NIF功能的光强信号传导方面是互补的（4-12）。iprgc除了具有直接的光敏功能外，还接受来自杆-锥网络的突触输入（13,14）。为了确定iprgc如何传递杆锥光信息以实现图像形成和非图像形成功能，我们在小鼠中基因消融了iprgc。在这里，我们发现缺乏iprgc的动物保留了模式视觉，但在PLR和昼夜节律光带方面的缺陷比黑视素敲除中观察到的缺陷更广泛（8,10,11）。PLR和光夹带的缺陷类似于在所有三种光感受器类别中缺乏光导的动物中观察到的缺陷(6)。这些结果表明，用于辐射检测的光信号在视网膜神经节细胞水平上与模式视觉分离，并且不能检测用于NIF功能的光的动物仍然能够形成图像。
Rod and cone photoreceptors detect light and relay this information through a multisynaptic pathway to the brain by means of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)(1). These retinal outputs support not only pattern vision but also non- image- forming ( NIF) functions, which include circadian photoentrainment and pupillary light reflex ( PLR). In mammals, NIF functions are mediated by rods, cones and the melanopsin- containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)(2,3). Rod - cone photoreceptors and ipRGCs are complementary in signalling light intensity for NIF functions(4-12). The ipRGCs, in addition to being directly photosensitive, also receive synaptic input from rod - cone networks(13,14). To determine how the ipRGCs relay rod - cone light information for both image- forming and non- image- forming functions, we genetically ablated ipRGCs in mice. Here we show that animals lacking ipRGCs retain pattern vision but have deficits in both PLR and circadian photoentrainment that are more extensive than those observed in melanopsin knockouts(8,10,11). The defects in PLR and photoentrainment resemble those observed in animals that lack phototransduction in all three photoreceptor classes(6). These results indicate that light signals for irradiance detection are dissociated from pattern vision at the retinal ganglion cell level, and animals that cannot detect light for NIF functions are still capable of image formation.