Probing awareness during sleep with the auditory odd-ball paradigm
Probing awareness during sleep with the auditory odd-ball paradigm
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DOI：
10.1016/s0167-8760(02)00114-9
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Cote, KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cote, KA
在清醒状态下，当受试者检测到一个罕见的“目标”刺激时，听觉事件相关电位P300的晚期成分被引出。当受试者忽略或未能发现刺激时，它通常不会被引出。因此，P300的存在被认为反映了对刺激的有意识处理。由于P300已被证明是清醒状态下的注意力依赖性认知成分，因此人们可能会认为它在睡眠期间不存在-通常认为外部刺激的信息处理被抑制的时间。本文综述了P300的存在或不存在的研究采用听觉奇球范式在睡眠中。迄今为止的研究表明，P300可以在过渡到睡眠期间记录，然后在REM睡眠中重新出现。在REM睡眠中，罕见和侵入性的刺激更有可能引起经典的顶叶P300。然而，在额叶部位很少或没有积极性。这与大脑成像研究一致，研究表明额叶失活是REM睡眠的特征。这些研究结果表明，虽然睡眠者可能能够检测到第1阶段和快速眼动的刺激异常，但额叶对意识的贡献可能会丢失。在非快速眼动睡眠中，450 ms处的较晚的正波不会以与清醒和快速眼动P300相同的方式根据实验操作而变化。因此，这种非快速眼动睡眠相关的积极性可能是与清醒时的P300不同的机制的基础。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
During the waking state, a late component of the auditory event-related potential, P300, is elicited when subjects detect a rare 'target' stimulus. It is usually not elicited when subjects either ignore or fail to detect the stimulus. The presence of P300 is therefore thought to reflect conscious processing of the stimulus. Since P300 has been shown to be an attention-dependent cognitive component in wakefulness, one might suppose that it would be absent during sleep-a time in which information processing of external stimuli is commonly thought to be inhibited. This review examines the presence or absence of P300 in studies employing auditory odd-ball paradigms in sleep. Research to date indicates that P300 can be recorded during the transition to sleep and then reappears in REM sleep. Stimuli that are rare and intrusive are more likely to elicit the classic parietal P300 in REM sleep. There is, however, little or no positivity at frontal sites. This is consistent with brain imaging studies that show frontal deactivation is characteristic of REM sleep. These findings indicate that while sleepers may be able to detect stimulus deviance in stage 1 and REM, the frontal contribution to consciousness may be lost. In non-REM sleep, a later positive wave at 450 ms does not vary according to experimental manipulation in the same way as the waking and REM P300s. This non-REM sleep-related positivity may therefore underlie mechanism distinct from the waking P300. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.