UNDERSTANDING ROLES OF MICROBES IN MARINE PELAGIC FOOD WEBS: A BRIEF HISTORY
UNDERSTANDING ROLES OF MICROBES IN MARINE PELAGIC FOOD WEBS: A BRIEF HISTORY
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470281840.ch2
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发表时间：
2008-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Sherr;B. Sherr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Sherr;B. Sherr
简介 “海洋中蕴藏着大量的细菌，其数量和活动的多样性差异很大。”Waksman 1934；“……微生物广泛分布在海水和海底，它们影响着化学、物理化学、地质和生物条件。” ZoBell，1946。对海洋系统中微生物的了解的进展既取决于个别科学家的研究重点，也取决于研究海洋微生物的新方法的开发。海洋微生物生态作用研究简史表明，当前的许多研究重点在该领域发展的早期就引起了人们的兴趣。然而，由于缺乏解决问题的仪器和方法，海洋微生物生态学特定方面的进展常常受到阻碍。我们对海洋微生物的了解有很多是自 20 世纪 70 年代中期以来才被发现的。新的方法，包括过去几十年的分子遗传学方法和主要海洋探险，彻底改变了我们对微生物在海洋生态系统中发挥的重要作用的理解。每一位在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代工作的水生微生物学家对于当时该领域的发展都有独特的视角。我们自己的观点受到我们在萨佩洛岛佐治亚大学海洋研究所工作的岁月的影响，L. R..Pomeroy 和同事在那里进行了研究，提出了关于微生物在海洋生态系统中的作用的新概念。我们还感谢几位撰写了极具影响力论文的同事的观点。
Introduction “The sea harbors an extensive population of bacteria, varying greatly in numbers and in the variety of their activities.’ Waksman 1934; “...microorganisms are widely distributed in sea water and on the ocean floor, where they influence chemical, physiochemical, geological, and biological conditions.” ZoBell, 1946. Progress in understanding of microbes in ocean systems has depended both on the research focus of individual scientists, and on the development of novel approaches to study of microbes in the sea. A brief history of the study of ecological roles of microbes in the sea shows that many of the current research thrusts were of interest early on in the development of the field. Often, however, progress on specific facets of marine microbial ecology was impeded by lack of instrumentation and methods to address the problems. A great deal of what we know about marine microbes has only been discovered since the mid-1970’s. New methodology, including molecular genetics approaches and major oceanographic expeditions in the past few decades, have revolutionized our understanding of the vital roles microbes play in marine ecosystems. Every aquatic microbiologist working during the 1970’s and 1980’s has a unique perspective of the development of the field at that time. Our own perspective is influenced by our years at the University of Georgia Marine Institute on Sapelo Island, where L. R..Pomeroy and colleagues did research that led to novel concepts about the role of microbes in marine ecosystems. We are also grateful for the perspectives of several of our colleagues who have authored highly influential papers.