Development and reproduction of Saprolegnia species in biofilms
Development and reproduction of Saprolegnia species in biofilms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.12.012
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发表时间：
2013-04-12
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Skaar, Ida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ali, Shimaa E.;Thoen, Even;Skaar, Ida
腐竹属(Saprolegnia spp.)可导致淡水鱼和淡水蛋的死亡和经济损失。生物膜的形成通常被认为是一个毒力因素，而生物膜可能是感染复发的重要原因。有证据表明，养鱼场的鱼和蛋上持续存在腐霉病菌的感染源，这支持了霉菌属种的假设。或许能够形成生物膜。在这项研究中，我们的目的是测试腐霉形成生物膜的能力，在那里它可以生存、繁殖和抵抗用于控制它的不同化学物质。自然形成的生物膜是从实验室水族箱中获得的。在这些生物膜中生长的腐霉在光学显微镜下被证实，并通过分离得到证实。根据ITS序列对分离株进行了形态和分子鉴定。两个分离物被鉴定为寄生腐霉，这是一种已知对鱼类具有高致病性的物种，而另一个分离物属于南方链霉菌。选择从天然生物膜中获得的腐霉菌株，建立简单的体外诱导腐霉生物膜的方法。用光学和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜记录了腐霉分离物形成生物膜的能力，并随后在生物膜内产生具有感染性的游动孢子。我们首次证明了寄生链球菌和南美链球菌的分离株可以与多种微生物一起形成生物膜群落，在其中生长和繁殖。因此，在自然界和水产养殖业中，自然生物膜很可能构成了源源不断的腐竹水库。(C)2012爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Saprolegnia spp. can cause mortality and economic losses in freshwater fish and eggs. Biofilm formation is generally regarded as a virulence factor, and biofilms can be an important cause of infection recurrence. Evidence of persistent sources of Saprolegnia infections on fish and eggs in fish farms support the assumption that Saprolegnia spp. might be able to form biofilms. In this study, we aimed to test the ability of Saprolegnia to form biofilms where it can survive, reproduce and resist different chemicals used for its control. Naturally formed biofilms were obtained from laboratory aquaria. Saprolegnia growth within these biofilms was demonstrated with light microscopy and confirmed by isolation. Isolates were identified morphologically and molecularly on the basis of ITS-sequences. Two isolates were identified as Saprolegnia parasitica, a species known to be highly pathogenic for fish, while the other belonged to S. australis. Selected Saprolegnia strains obtained from natural biofilms were then used to establish simple methods for in vitro induction of Saprolegnia biofilm. The ability of Saprolegnia isolates to form biofilms with subsequent production of infective motile zoospores within the biofilm was documented by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy. We demonstrate for the first time that isolates of S. parasitica and S. australis can form biofilm communities together with multiple microorganisms, wherein they grow and reproduce. It is therefore likely that natural biofilms constitute incessant Saprolegnia reservoirs in nature and aquaculture. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.